ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Children who have survived a bone marrow transplant are at high risk for developing long-term complications that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Nurses who follow bone marrow transplant patients after they are discharged must be able to recognize the symptoms of these complications to allow early intervention. In this paper, the authors review the signs and symptoms, the appropriate interventions, and the psychological ramifications of these problems. These complications are presented in relation to those effects experienced as a result of pretransplant treatment regimen, transplant sequelae, and recurrent disease. The impact these children can have on a nurse's practice is discussed.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The impact on adolescents of a diagnosis of cancer is difficult to determine, partly because their expression of illness-related concerns is different from that of adults. For this reason, the use of several developmentally appropriate tools is necessary to more comprehensively measure the adolescents' response to cancer. In this study seven adolescents were administered a semistructured interview and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) after receiving a diagnosis of cancer. The purpose was to identify and compare the concerns that were elicited by each tool The interviews provided the most information about the subjects' knowledge, comprehension, perception, and degree of expression about their disease and concerns regarding family, peers, and developmental issues. In contrast, the TAT provided the most information about the subjects' concerns with death, survivors of the deceased, separation, loss, vulnerability, and depression. Hence, the interview data provided information that was more problem-management focused whereas the TAT provided information that was more emotion-management focused. The implication for these findings is that in the clinical or research setting, the nurse needs to take into consideration the tools used when determining a psychosocial assessment of an adolescent's response to cancer.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although Quint's research identified the need for systematic death education for nurses more than 20 years ago, few such programs have been described, and even fewer have been evaluated in the subsequent two decades. Three current approaches to death education in nursing are presented in the literature: integrating material throughout the curriculum; offering an elective course; or requiring a course. Most schools of nursing use an integrated approach without systematic assignment of students to dying patients. A critical review of 15 evaluations of death education in nursing revealed that such education may reduce death anxiety and/or improve attitudes to care of the dying, but the accumulated evidence is not convincing because of numerous problems with study design, instrumentation, and data analysis. Three central research issues need to be addressed if the profession is to determine the most appropriate method to prepare nurses for care of the dying: (a) meaningful partition of the independent variable to describe varying “doses” of death education; (b) use of longitudinal experimental designs with sufficient sample sizes to detect an educationally significant effect; and (c) definition and measurement of appropriate dependent variables, particularly those that are care related.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A longitudinal quasiexperiment was used to evaluate the effectiveness of two alternative approaches to preparing nurses for care of the dying: an integrated approach that included varying amounts of classroom and clinical exposure to death-related issues, and a required course that included planned clinical practice. A nonnursing control group was included in the experiment to test for the effects of maturation on the two dependent variables, death anxiety and attitudes to care of the dying. Three cohorts of students were tested before entering their junior year (the level at which the required course was placed), at the end of their junior year, and 1 year postgraduation. The sample included 306 students at the first posttest and 170 graduates at the second posttest. Results indicated that death anxiety was reduced significantly in the experimental group by the time of the first posttest and was not significantly different from the nursing control group at either posttest; and the experimental group had significantly better attitudes to care of the dying than did the nursing control group at all three testings. One year postgraduation the experimental group reported more approach behaviors in caring for the dying than did the nursing control group. The findings provide support for a new theoretical model to guide future evaluations of death education in nursing and have implications for designing curricula in undergraduate nursing programs.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy containing doxorubicin (DX) were randomly assigned to scalp hypothermia or a control group with no therapy for prevention of hair loss, Median dose of DX was 50 mg/m2; DX was mainly given in combination with other cytotoxic drugs. Thirty-five patients were adequately assessed for hair loss during chemotherapy: 37% of patients given scalp hypothermia had prevention of hair loss, whereas 100% of the control group had alopecia (p < 0.025). Scalp hypothermia is a valuable method for prevention of hair loss induced by DX, although the cooling system still requires technical improvement.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

When nurses understand the principles and use of radiotherapy, they can discuss the treatment knowledgeably with their patients, if necessary. This article describes some of the principles of radiation, types of treatment, and equipment available. Rationale for selection of type of treatment is discussed together with the number and frequency of treatments, how each treatment is planned, and some immediate and late side effects due to irradiation. Clinical examples are given for every situation.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing includes symptoms experienced by patients as a component of health state that influence self-care agency (S-CA). Nursing care plans reflect this relationship, but there are no supporting data. The purpose of this descriptive study (part of a larger study, US PHS Grant No. 5 R01 NUO 1154–02), was to examine the relationship between self-reported symptoms and S-CA perceived by patients receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy (CT). Telephone interviews were conducted with 20 patients averaging six cycles of CT. The interview schedule developed by the authors utilized open-ended questions regarding self-care (S-C) and symptomatology. Major themes were then identified and verified through subsequent interviews. Tiredness and weakness were identified as the symptoms that most interfered with S-C activities. Thus, informants limited their expenditure of energy by (a) planning/scheduling activities and work, (b) decreasing nonessential activities, and (c) increasing dependence on others for home management. Findings suggest a relationship between S-CA and health state. Further quantitative and qualitative research is needed for validation. Findings are applicable in nursing practice to assist new patients in coping with S-C deficits resulting from CT.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The nursing care of an elderly client with cancer according to Orem's nursing theory is presented. Supplementation of Orem 's theory with other germane theories is also described, yielding an individualized nursing care plan. Subjective and objective information about the client are used to assess universal, developmental and health-deviation self-care requisites and to develop nursing diagnoses. The psychosocial and cognitive theories of Havighurst, Kubler-Ross, and Piaget are incorporated as they relate to the specific aspects of the client's situation.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1988

数据来源: OVID