摘要:

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effect of a structured smoking cessation intervention during hospitalization on short-term smoking abstinence. Hospitalized surgical oncology patients who smoked (n = 26) and were diagnosed with cancer were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Experimental group subjects (n = 12) received a structured smoking cessation intervention during hospitalization followed by five weekly phone calls after discharge. Control group subjects (n = 14) received usual care from their health-care providers during hospitalization. Abstinence from smoking, as determined by saliva cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, was measured at first postdischarge visit. Subjects with a saliva cotinine level of <10 ng/ml were classified as abstinent. At first postdischarge visit, 75% of experimental group subjects were abstinent compared with 42.9% in the usual care group, a 32% difference. These preliminary findings will assist in the design and further evaluation of cancer rehabilitation strategies promoting cessation in hospitalized postoperative cancer patients who continue to smoke.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Lung cancer remains the number one cause of cancer-related death and the third most common cancer for women in the United States. The major purpose of this study was to describe physical functional status in a sample of women with lung cancer. Functional status was objectively measured by the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, and subjectively by the Rand Physical Function Scale, and the Physical Function Subscale of the CARES-Short Form. A convenience sample of 69 women participated in a onetime data collection. The typical subject was <65 years of age, had lived with primary or recurrent lung cancer for >12 months, had non-small cell limited disease, and was not currently receiving treatment. The most prevalent disruptions in physical function were reduced energy (59%), difficulty with household chores (33%), and interference with work (28%). A third of the sample had serious limitations in three or more activities. Approximately 26% of the sample had severe limitations in moderate activities, 20% in walking short distances, and 16% in walking one flight of stairs. Only a quarter were satisfied with their level of activity. Physical function was different by income category (one-way analysis of variance), with those with the lowest income having the poorest function.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cancer survival is a stressful experience requiring coping for the maintenance of equilibrium. Lazarus' Theory of Stress and Coping was the framework for this descriptive study of the use and effectiveness of coping strategies as assessed by long-term survivors of cancer. The Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS) and a subject information sheet (SIS) were mailed to 128 potential subjects, identified by the snowball technique, who survived cancer for >5 years, were not currently receiving therapy, and were not in a terminal stage of disease. Fifty-nine subjects with a mean survival of 13.03 years correctly completed and returned the questionnaire and were included in data analysis. Respondents were predominantly white (88.1%), female (83.7%), married (72.8%), employed as professionals (57.8%), 41–65 years of age (59.3%), and diagnosed with breast cancer (50.8%). Subjects rated optimistic, supportive, and confrontive strategies as most often used and effective. Length of survival did not result in different choices of strategies. Statistically significant differences were found in coping styles between elderly and middle-aged survivors. Results of this study increase nurses' awareness of effective coping strategies and the importance of assessment of coping in long-term survivors of cancer. The importance of social support, spirituality, and helping others is emphasized.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study examined the effect of counseling on the quality of life of individuals with cancer and their family members. Three convenience samples were drawn from a hospital in Southwest Florida. Group A consisted of new participants to a Revised “I Can Cope” Program, which now included a counseling component. Group B consisted of former Revised “I Can Cope” Program participants who elected to attend an ongoing support group. Group C consisted of individuals who did not attend either the “I Can Cope” Program or support group. Measures were taken throughout this study to answer research questions. Although there were no statistically significant findings, several conclusions were drawn. Counseling was not found to have an effect on the quality of life of these individuals. Coping strategies were not found to vary between groups of individuals who received education and/or counseling and those who did not. Individuals who had previously received counseling reported it to be a positive experience. Individuals were found to receive support from family members and friends. This study provided an initial basis for further investigation in the areas of counseling and quality of life.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is essential that nurses gain insight about the responses of older adults to standard anticancer therapies because there is ongoing concern about whether the elderly are affected adversely by the prescribed therapy. The purpose of this longitudinal prospective study was to describe selected outcomes and their relationships in a sample of 45 elderly (mean age 69.8 years; range 61–86) patients receiving radiotherapy for either breast (42%) or lung (58%) cancer. The outcome variables were weight and multidimensional functional status; moderator variables were co-morbidity, nutritional intake, estimated adequacy of intake, radiation dose, side effects, and social support. Data were collected at the beginning of radiation (T1), the middle of therapy (T2), the conclusion of therapy (T3), and three months post radiation (T4). Although 81.4% had some concurrent condition, those with a comorbid condition did not respond significantly differently from those without a comorbid condition on any of the major variables at any of the four times. At none of the four times was the caloric intake adequate to meet the estimated energy requirements for usual activity (range 67.9–71.5%).

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recent acknowledgment of the prominence of cancer in the elderly has stimulated interest in this patient population at risk. Due to the newness of this interest, currently there is no formal recognized specialty of geriatric oncology that parallels pediatric oncology. However, there is growing concern and interest in identifying elder-specific indices of difficulty, disparity, and duty to optimize cancer prevention, control, therapy, support, and rehabilitation efforts for this growing population of aged patients. This article will provide a comprehensive review of relevant literature pertaining to nursing care of elderly adults who face cancer. Six realities to guide cancer nursing planning will be identified that address key patient-family-professional issues into the elder continuum.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Patients diagnosed with a brain tumor and their families are faced with uncertainties that result from the progression of the disease and treatment regimen. Many strategies can be used to help patients and families deal with these uncertainties. A case report is used to illustrate how changing needs of a patient and family were met by using different strategies.SUMMARYPatient education, support groups, or counseling can help patients and families deal with uncertainty and make informed decisions about treatment modalities. It also promotes the acquisition of a sense of control as an informed consumer of health-care services.Although a support group for people with brain tumors may not be for all patients and families, it can be helpful in dealing with the uncertainties associated with progression of the disease. Structured support groups can be used when the goal is to provide information about brain tumors, whereas an unstructured format can be used to provide a forum for members to vent and deal with their feelings. Members with experience can be instrumental in helping patients and families who are just beginning to deal with the uncertainties with regard to the progression and treatment of brain tumor.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is the process of removing circulating stem cells from the peripheral blood through apheresis and returning these cells to the patient after dose-intensive chemotherapy. Clinical trials using PBSCT and dose-intensive chemotherapy are underway at cancer centers across the country. Nurses caring for patients who are undergoing PBSCT need an understanding of all aspects of the process in order to competently manage the toxicities, as well as to educate patients, families, and other staff. Nurses need to consider issues for nursing research to improve the quality of life for these patients.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The care of chronic ulcerating metastatic skin lesions is not well established or supported by research. Because these cancerous lesions may be present for many years, patients and their caregivers are confronted with ongoing dressing care to control and prevent odor, bleeding, drainage, and infection. Eleven patients in this study compared Mesalt dressings (Sancella Incorporated, Oakville, Ontario, Canada) with continuous wet saline dressings using a crossover design. Results indicated that Mesalt dressings received significantly higher ratings when compared with continuous wet saline dressings for ease of application and odor control and were significantly preferred by patients. No significant differences were found for ease of removal and comfort of the dressing. Neither were there any significant differences in the occurrence of clinical infection, number of dressing changes, and time spent for the care of the lesion. Mesalt dressings were more expensive than continuous wet saline dressings, but benefits may outweigh the costs.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID