摘要:

Advances in molecular biology and technology now being made will open the way to using gene transfer as a therapeutic option for patients with cancer. Since there are > 5,000 known genetic diseases, the potential impact of these techniques is enormous. Possibilities for the application of gene therapy are emerging and along with them complex safety, ethical, and financial issues that will require resolution. Many of these concerns will become relevant to the oncology nurse, who will need to understand the science, ethics, safety considerations, and impact of this experimental therapy on the patient. Since gene therapy is a rapidly evolving method of treatment, it will be a challenge to remain up to date and knowledgeable.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is a growing health problem in the United States. This study evaluated nurses' frequency of skin cancer assessment, ability to recognize CMM, knowledge of risk factors and preventive measures, teaching practices, and barriers to skin cancer assessment. The sample (n = 178) consisted of nurse practitioners (NP), oncology nurses (ON), and dermatology nurses (DN). The participants indicated that skin cancer assessment was within their scope of practice but reported frequencies of performance were low. NP scored lower in overall knowledge, although they had received the highest level of formal skin cancer education (P < 0.05). Recognition of melanoma was moderate, with scores of 54–68% for the three groups. Recognition scores for premalignant and benign lesions were lower. Frequency of skin cancer assessment and teaching were higher for DN (p < 0.05). Total knowledge scores were not predictive of teaching practices. Time limitations and inadequate knowledge were barriers that inversely correlated with frequency of skin cancer assessment. Findings suggest that individual CMM knowledge and experience correlated highly with frequency of assessment and teaching. Programs are needed to educate nurses in skin cancer prevention and detection. The broader implications for future research will be presented.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This ethnographic study was undertaken to elicit the meaning of nurse's touch for hospitalized Puerto Rican patients with cancer. The key informants were eight cancer patients at a tertiary 12-bed oncology research unit in Puerto Rico. Data gathering methods included participant observation and several ethnographic interviews during a month period. Content analysis was used to identify pattern of behavior and meaning. Analysis of the field notes and interviews was done to search for domains. Theme analysis was used in the search for the relationship among domains. In the analysis of the patient interviews, two types of touch were identified: procedural and affective touch. The predominant theme about perception of nurse's touch was that of conveying confidence. Confidence was related to the patient's increase in positive expectation as much as the possibility of recovery from the cancer illness. The confidence theme was represented by two domains: the enhancement of the abilities of the patient for coping and through the acceptance of the patient as a person during their illness experience.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The observation that some Nigerian patients use alternative health care services when they perceive that one medical system has failed them provided the impetus for this survey. The purpose of the survey was to understand why some Nigerian patients rely on traditional healers for cure of cancer by exploring the perceptions of Igbo traditional healers from Anambra State of Nigeria about the causes and treatment of cancer. Implications of the different meanings of illness and disease to patients and physicians provided the theoretical framework for understanding the cultural context of the study. Findings have ethical, moral, and cultural implications for professional nursing practice, education, and research.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Why nurses neglect spiritual care issues remains unclear. Therefore, a questionnaire designed to assess oncology nurse clinicians' attitudes and beliefs about spiritual care was mailed to a stratified, random sample of 700 Oncology Nursing Society members within the United States. Data from the 181 respondents were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics (for quantitative items) and content analysis (for essay questions). Analysis of data revealed both a positive regard for spiritual care within nursing, and relationships between beliefs and attitudes about spiritual care and self-reported spirituality, religiosity, ethnicity, work role, and education. Recommendations are for inclusion of theoretical and practical aspects of spiritual care in nursing education and for further investigation of nurses' attitudes and beliefs regarding spiritual care.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Oncology nurses and patients identify nausea and vomiting as the two most distressing side effects of chemotherapy. The onset and duration of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy may vary. Inadequate control of emesis in the first 24 h following chemotherapy can lead to anticipatory nausea and vomiting and poor control in subsequent cycles of treatment. It may also result in delays or refusal by the patient to have further treatment. In addition, excessive nausea, as well as vomiting, can lead to a multitude of physical, psychologic, and social problems. It is therefore important that nausea is controlled equally as well as vomiting. Recent clinical research into new antiemetic therapy has highlighted the need for standard criteria for the assessment of nausea and vomiting. Assessment should include nausea as a separate phenomenon that may occur in the absence of vomiting and can be equally, if not more, distressing. Objective measures are suitable for the assessment of vomiting, but are not available for assessment of nausea because it is a subjective phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to present evidence supporting the idea that patient reporting using a four-point scale may be a reliable indicator of the degree of nausea and antiemetic efficacy.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Few teaching programs are geared to meet the special learning needs of the elderly. This pilot study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design to measure the effect of the Adaptation for Aging Changes (AAC) Method on fecal occult blood screening (FOBS) at meal sites for the elderly in the South. The AAC Method uses techniques that adjust the presentation to accommodate for normal aging changes and includes a demonstration of the procedure for collection of the stool blood test, memory reminders of the date to return the stool blood test, and written materials adapted to the 5th grade reading level. In addition, actual practice of the FOBS with the use of peanut butter was added to the AAC Method, making it the AAC with Practice Method (AACP) in two sites. The American Cancer Society's colorectal cancer educational slide-tape show served as the basis for all of the methods. Hemoccult II kits were distributed at no cost to the participants. Descriptive statistics, X2, and logistic regressions were used to analyze data from 135 Council on Aging meal sites' participants. The average age of the participants was 72 years; the average educational level was 8th grade; over half the sample was African-American; and half of the participants had incomes below the poverty level. Results support a significant increase in participation in FOBS in participants taught by the AACP Method [X2(I, n = 56) = 5.34, p = 0.02; odds ratio = 6.2]. This research provides support for teaching that makes adaptations for aging changes, especially adaptations that include actual practice of the procedure.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

As research continues to highlight the risks involved in handling antineoplastic drugs, the health services are giving increased attention to safety measures. In order to establish what protective measures nursing staff employ and what they know about antineoplastic drugs, a survey was carried out in The Netherlands. The questions were based on the selfstudy modules by Dunne and the (American) Oncology Nursing Society. A total of 1,373 questionnaires were distributed in 10 hospitals. Of these, 824 were returned, which represents a response rate of 60%. Over two-thirds (68%) of the nursing staff reported that they were involved, on a daily or weekly basis, in caring for patients being treated with antineoplastic drugs. In the view of 94% of the nurses, protective measures are effective. While administering antineoplastic drugs, 91% ofthe respondents said that they wore gloves, 21% said that they wore a gown, 18% wore a mask, and 3% used goggles. While handling excreta, fewer nurses applied safety measures. Thirty-nine percent of the respondents knew that 1ate.x gloves ofer a greater degree of protection than PVC gloves. It appeared that there was not one Dutch hospital whose guidelines for the safe handling of antineoplastic material were completely up-to-date and that nurses do not always follow the guidelines established.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Often patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnostic purposes are not adequately prepared to deal with the claustrophobia commonly experienced while in the MRI machine. They may have been instructed on the procedure and some of the physical sensations they might encounter, but teaching about coping strategies to utilize when confronted with the occurrence of unanticipated claustrophobia when a sedating medication is not immediately available may often be lacking. Drawing on excerpts from a patient's journal that vividly describes her struggle to cope with claustrophobia during an MRI. this article discusses this commonly encountered experience within the context of theoretical perspectives of stress to underscore the importance of assessing for indications of rising anxiety. Suggestions for coping strategies to include in patient teaching are presented.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID