ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nursing staff on a combined inpatient-outpatient oncology unit identified the need to reorganize the teaching program in existence for patients receiving indwelling central venous catheters. This process resulted in a shift of responsibility for all aspects of patient care, education, and follow-up from one designated nurse to the entire professional nursing staff. The teaching program's reorganization included development of a new teaching tool, “Care of your Hickman Broviac Catheter.” Involvement of the entire staff and the unit's clinical and management experts along with the institution's director of health education assured acceptance and high usage of the developed tool. Staff and patients have verbalized a high degree of satisfaction with the tool that was developed.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In three instances, the donor sibling of a pediatric bone marrow transplant candidate appeared to have problems adapting before leaving for the medical center performing the transplant. When the Roy model was applied in one case, the child was shown to be experiencing a threat to self-esteem. Case-specific interventions based on the nursing diagnosis are presented.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Major factors that contribute to cutaneous changes following bone marrow transplantation are total-body irradiation, graft-versus-host disease, and drug treatment. Acute graft-versus-host disease of the skin is manifested by an erythematous rash on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet or a lichen planus-like involvement on the remaining skin. Chronic graft-versus-host disease looks more like a cutaneous sclerosis. The skin changes can appear as hypo- or hyperpigmentation, macular-papular lesions, desquamation, striae, loss of elasticity, dystrophic nails, and/or alopecia. These changes can cause discomfort, lead to secondary infections, and eventually be disabling. This article addresses nursing care guidelines for maintaining skin integrity, and the psychological impact on the patient and family of an altered body image.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ninety-six randomly selected cancer patients were interviewed regarding their experiences with pain during this hospitalization. More than half of the patients had suffered from pain that was horrible or excruciating, yet only 43% of the patients could recall a nurse having discussed anything about their pain with them. Patients had employed a variety of techniques to modify the pain experience. Every intervention was effective for at least one-quarter of the patients. Many widely accepted pain relief measures were ineffective for a large number of patients. Standardization of pain assessment, individualization of treatment approach, and additional research are suggested to improve the care of cancer patients suffering from pain.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Indoor tanning produces detrimental changes in the skin. Lamps used in tanning salons emit primarily ultraviolet A radiation (UVA). UVA stimulates the production of melanin, but the melanin-containing granules known as melanosomes are not transferred to more superficial layers of the epidermis as happens after exposure to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) from the sun. Researchers believe that this lack of transfer of melanosomes and the fact that UVA exposure does not result in a thicker stratum corneum explains why exposure to UVA results in minimal or no protection against erythema from subsequent exposure to UVB. Both indoor and outdoor sources of ultraviolet radiation produce degenerative changes in the skin, inhibit repair processes, and promote changes in the immune system. Furthermore, there is evidence that UVA acts as a co-carcinogen with UVB.Persons who patronize sun parlors usually pursue sun-seeking activities in an intermittent, recreation-related pattern. This pattern has been associated with an increased risk for developing malignant melanoma. A more consistent occupation-related pattern of exposure to solar rays in which the total accumulated exposure time is high has been associated with an increased incidence of both melanotic and nonmelanotic skin cancer. Given the alarming increase in the incidence of skin cancer, nurses should identify those at risk and establish baseline data through thorough and accurate assessment. For both nurse and client, the desire to achieve a “bronze glow” is often a barrier to complying with recommendations to avoid exposure and to use shields and sun-absorbing products. Learning about the consequences of exposure to both indoor and outdoor sources of radiation is a first step in the process of changing tanning practices.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Routine physical examination of the female breast for palpable masses or other abnormalities has not always been advocated by health practitioners. Presently, however, the American Cancer Society recommends physical examination of the breasts by a practitioner at 3-year intervals for women 20–40 years old, and at annual intervals for older women. This paper reviews the value of routine physical breast examination as performed by nurses, physicians, and other health care practitioners in the early detection of breast cancer. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of this procedure are summarized. The examination skill of the practitioner as a variable in the detection of lumps and other breast cancer indicators is discussed. Risks and costs of the procedure, along with factors related to women's awareness and compliance with recommended frequency of practitioner breast examinations, are reviewed. Despite notable screening and diagnostic shortcomings, it is argued that the physical examination is a safe, useful, and cost-effective modality for early detection of breast cancer that should be promoted more aggressively by nurses and other health care practitioners.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper presents a theoretical framework that could specify the theoretical underpinnings of the informational needs concept. This framwork is derived from the theoretical and clinical literature, and it is examined in relation to previous research findings pertinent to informational needs of recently diagnosed cancer patients. The framwork identifies the nature, relevance, and scope of informational needs, as well as the person- and situation-related variables that may affect them. It is presented as a necessary background to the development of the method of measurement of informational needs and to the findings pertaining to the description of informational needs that will be presented in Part II of the paper.

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0162-220X    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID