ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb04282.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Endobronchial biopsy and lavage studies have revealed the presence of mast cell, eosinophil, T‐lymphocyte and epithelial cell activation in asthma, along with the structural changes of tissue eosinophil infiltration, loss of superficial columnar ciliated epithelial cells and enhanced collagen deposition in the laminar reticularis. As these cellular and structural changes underlie the clinical features of asthma, i.e., symptom expression, variable airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, an understanding of their induction and regulation is essential to the understanding of the asthmatic process. The acute airway response to allergen has been studied by the technique of local endobronchial allergen challenge with direct airway sampling in asthma. These studies identify allergen‐mast cell interaction as the initial airway event, with mediator release inducing bronchoconstriction and enhancing vascular permeability. As preformed cytokines are present in mast cells, cytokine release from this cell population is likely to initiate the process of endothelial cell activation, with upregulation of cell adhesion molecules, and tissue cell recruitment. Subsequent cytokine elaboration from airway macrophages and T‐lymphocytes will perpetuate this response while in chronic clinical disease T‐lymphocytes, mast cells, matrix tissue, epithelial cells and eosinophils themselves are all likely to contribute to the cytokine pool within the airways and thus to the regulation of inflammatory cell migration and act

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02730.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA programme of clinical studies was carried out to determine the basic efficacy and safety of 2% nedocromil sodium eye drops (Tilavist) in treating allergic conjunctivitis, in 2,905 patients from 3–76 years of age. Results of all the double‐masked placebo comparative studies completed to date ‐ five in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), five in perennial (PAC) and 16 in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) ‐ have been assessed in a statistical overview analysis. Nedocromil sodium, administered four times daily to 153 patients with VKC, was significantly more effective than placebo (155 patients) and in the clinicians' opinion gave good control in 76% of cases, compared with 46% for placebo (p<0.001). Patients with chronic symptoms of PAC also responded better to nedocromil sodium given four times daily (n = 146) rather than twice daily (n = 86), and significantly more patients (p<0.001) were effectively controlled by four times daily treatment with nedocromil sodium (72%) than with placebo (47%; n= 156). Twice‐daily dosage with nedocromil sodium (n = 677) was adequate for SAC, however, and the treatment was statistically better than placebo (p<0.01‐p<0.001) whether dosed twice or four times daily. Speed of action was assessed in seven SAC studies in which 79% of all patients (n = 295) using nedocromil sodium had experienced relief of symptoms when questioned, half of them within 15 minutes and 74% during the first hour after dosing. Test treatments were well‐accepted by both adults and children, and there were no major adverse events. Minor irritations reported more frequently with nedocromil sodium than placebo were stinging or burning of the eyes on application of the drops and a distinctive taste, noted by 5% of the active treatment grou

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb04252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb04283.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb04284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bagnasco M, Canonica GW. Influence of H1‐receptor antagonists on adhesion molecules and cellular traffi

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb04259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe intestinal tract is the major immunological organ of the human body.The gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) play an important role in the suppression of adverse reactions to foods and in the induction of “Oral Tolerance”.Immunologically mediated clinical reactions to foods exist outside the gut environment and can affect virtually all organ syst

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb04342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several experimental approaches have been used to identify immunoglobulin (IgE) binding molecules expressed by human eosinophils. After the description that Fee RII/CD23 identified on eosinophils could participate in IgE binding and IgE‐mediated cytotoxicity, Mac2/ε binding proteins belonging to the S‐type lectin family were also detected on human eosinophits. Anti‐Mac2 monoclonal antibodies inhibited eosinophil‐dependent cytotoxicity towards parasitic targets. More recently, Fcε RI was demonstrated on human eosinophils from hypereosinophilic patients. The 3 components of Fcε RI, α, β and γ chains, were detected in eosinophils. The α chain of Fcε RI was shown to be involved in IgE binding to eosinophils and in the selective release of eosinophil peroxidase. The participation of Fcε RI‐bearing eosinophils in a protective immune response against a parasitic infection indicates a so far unsuspected function of Fcε RI. The interactions between the different types of IgE binding mole

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb04270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mast cell degranulation, and the subsequent recruitment of infiltrating inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils, into the nasal mucosa has long been considered the most important model to explain allergic rhinitis. Several studies show a decrease in the number of eosinophils and possibly also mast cells during local corticosteroid treatment. Over the last decade, a new model to explain allergic inflammation has evolved. In this model, Langerhans’cells and T‐cells play an important role. Langerhans’cells possess a high affinity receptor for IgE. In patients with allergic rhinitis, allergen provocation results in stimulation of T‐cells by the IgE‐positive Langerhans’cells. The T‐cells produce a number of cytokines which stimulate IgE production as well as the inflammatory reaction. The number of T‐cells is not usually influenced by corticosteroid treatment; however, the function of the T‐cells, shown by the spectrum of cytokines produced, is clearly influenced. The cells that are most dramatically affected by local corticosteroid treatment are the Langerhans’cells, which completely disappear during treatment. This decrease suggests that there is a reduction in antigen presentation. The subsequent decrease in T‐cell stimulation may result in a reduction of the reactions that are dependent on T

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY