摘要:

The eosinophilic granulocyte is commonly associated with allergic inflammation. Although blood eosinophilia frequently accompanies atopic dermatitis, accumulation of tissue eosinophils is not prominent. Recent studies have elucidated the structure, content, and activities of the eosinphil. In addition, immunofluorescence localization of eosinophil granulate proteins has shown that eosinophils disrupt in tissue depositing toxic granule proteins in several diseases. Here, evidence for eosinophil degranulation in atopic dermatitis is presented and mechanisms whereby eosinophil degranulation may mediate pathophysiologic effects in atopic dermatitis and related conditions are discussed.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04212.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Allergic rhinitis is characterised by symptoms of sneezing, itching of the nose with watery secretions, and nasal obstruction. We have previously shown that patients can have the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis confirmed by nasal provocation tests and assessment of nasal inspiratory peak flow (NIPF) after specific allergen or hyperosmolar challenge. We now show that histamine is released into the nasal lavage fluid in response to such challenges. Saline lavage alone results in detectable histamine levels in the order of 5 ng/ml, but in the presence of allergen (HDM) there is a significant increase in histamine release in atopies but not in control subjects. With hyperosmolar challenge, atopies showed a biphasic response in that histamine release was increased with 1.8% and 3.6% saline but returned to baseline with 5.4% and 7.2% saline, then showing a further increase with 9.0% saline. This raises the possibility of two populations of responsive mast cells. Hyperosmolar challenge leads to symptoms of nasal itch and sneezing as well as histamine release in atopics but not in controls. This suggests that hyperosmolar challenge can be used as a simple diagnostic test for allergic rhinitis and may provide a model for nasal hyper‐reactivit

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb00441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The morphological, enzymatical, immunocytochemical and functional properties of Langerhans' cells are briefly reviewed. Langerhans' cells are located mainly in the squamous stratified epithelia, but are also present in the thymus and in superficial lymphnodes. At the ultrastructural level, they are characterized by unique cytoplasmic organelles, the Birbeck granules, whose function is still unknown. Langerhans' cells possess strong ATPase activity and are weakly positive for alpha‐naphtyl acetate esterase and for acid phosphatase; they are immunoreactive for CD1a (T6), class II MHG antigens and S‐100 protein. In some pathological conditions, like dermatopathic lymphadenopathy and Langerhans' cell histocytosis, Langerhans' cells also are characterized by the expression of monocyte‐macrophage antigens. Langerhans' cells act as antigen‐presenting cells to T lymphocytes; their functional capacity is strictly dependent on the levels of expression of class II MHG antigens. Langerhans' cells are of bone marrow origin and are derived from a circulating precursor which is probably related to the m

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of histamine chloride control (10 mg/ml) on the weal reaction produced by the adjacent test solution (buffered glycerol‐saline diluent control) in skin prick tests was studied among 270 peat workers and 214 lumberjacks. The diluent control was placed on the skin at two test sites: 3–4 cm and 18–19 cm from the site of the histamine control. Prick‐test lancets (Dome/Hollister‐Stier) were used to prick the skin. Weal areas of 6 mm2or larger were considered to be positive reactions. In both populations the diluent control caused positive reactions nearly three times more often when the test site was 3–4 cm from the site of the histamine control than when it was 18–19 cm away from the control (P<0.001). Similar relationships might be found between histamine control and allergen solutions. This finding should be taken into account in histamine‐based standardization of the results of skin prick tests as well as in biological standardization of all

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb00442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Histamine release was examined in leukocyte suspensions from patients allergic to house dust mite, grass pollen, birch pollen or cat dander. Influenza A virus was found to enhance the antigen‐induced mediator release, but did not cause release of histamine from the cellsper se. Also histamine release induced by anti‐IgE in cell suspensions from normal individuals was enhanced by virus. The potentiating effect of influenza A virus might be due to neuraminidase on the surface of virus, since a similar effect was caused by a purified neuraminidase obtained fromVibrio cholerae, and the effect of virus as well as the neuraminidase was completely abolished by a potent neuraminidase inhibitor. The synergistic enhancement in IgE‐mediated histamine release by virus could be of significance for the conversion from latent to manifest a

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb00443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Influenza A virus was found to enhanceStaphylococcus aureus‐histamine release in human leukocyte suspensions, but did notper serelease histamine. This potentiating effect was found to be similar in cells from normal individuals and from patients with intrinsic asthma. The enhancement of mediator release could be due to viral neuraminidase on the surface of the virus, since a similar potentiating effect was caused by a purified neuraminidase preparation obtained fromVibrio cholerae, and the effect of virus as well as of the purified neuraminidase was completely abolished by a potent neuraminidase inhibitor. The potentiating effect of virus on bacteria‐induced mediator release might be of importance for the conversion from latent to manifest asthma in upper respiratory tract infecti

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb00444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY