摘要:

Reproducibility of the skin prick method of testing for allergy was studied in 20 subjects examined by four nurses. Hypodermic needles were used for pricking and the test panel included a histamine control, a diluent control, and nine allergens. The reproducibility of the method was best when the size of the weal reaction caused by an allergen was expressed as the geometric area of the weal. When the weal reaction was expressed as the ratio of the weal reaction caused by an allergen to that caused by histamine, the reproducibility of the method was decreased considerably. When the ratios were further classified into three class ratings, reproducibility was very low. The reduction in reproducibility was due to the low reproducibility of histamine reactions. According to these results, at least in epidemiological studies the weal reactions should be expressed as geometric areas. In clinical practice it might also be preferable to express prick test results as the diameters of the weals without adjusting them by histamine reactions.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Allergy to white potato has rarely been described. We report two cases of atopic patients, housewives, in whom peeling raw potatoes precipitated rhinoconjunctivitis and asthmatic attacks, and, in one of them, contact urticaria. Type I hypersensitivity to raw potato antigens was demonstrated by means of immediate skin test reactivity, specific IgE determination by RAST, basophil degranulation, histamine release test and an immediate bronchial provocation test response to raw potato extract. The controls did not react to any of these tests. Potato allergenic constituent is currently being investigated but, as far as we know, it is heat‐labile and has an MW of more than 10 K

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cutaneous reactivity against histamine skin prick test (Type I) and purified tuberculin protein derivative (Mantoux reaction, Type IV) was studied in eight volunteers under hypnosis. Types I and IV immunoreactivity were modulated by direct suggestion (Type I) and guided imagery (Type IV). The volunteers were highly susceptible subjects, selected by means of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A. When the volunteers underwent hypnotic suggestion to decrease the cutaneous reaction to histamine prick test, a significant (P<0.02) reduction of the flare reaction (area of erythema) was observed compared with control histamine skin prick tests. The wheal reaction did not respond to hypnotic suggestion. Neither wheal nor flare reaction could be increased in size by hypnotic suggestion compared with control histamine skin prick tests. A hypnotic suggestion of increasing the Type IV reaction on one arm and decreasing the reaction on the other revealed a significant difference in both erythema size (P<0.02) and palpable induration (P<0.01). In two cases the reactions were monitored by laser doppler blood flowmetry and skin thickness measurement by ultrasound. The difference between the suggested increased and decreased reaction was 19% for the laser doppler bloodflow (in favor of the augmented side), and 44% for the dermal infiltrate thickness. This study objectively supports the numerous uncontrolled case reports of modulation of immunoreactivity in allergic diseases involving both Type I and Type IV skin reactions following hypnotic suggestions.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To study the human intestinal mast cell of children and adults, we combined a sensitive glassfibre‐based histamine assay with the enzymatic and mechanical dispersion of surgical specimens or mucosal biopsies. The method yields between 1.2 × 103to 4.6 × 103mast cells/mg tissue constituting 1.2% to 5.3% of total cell count. The mast cell yield, however, depends on the intestinal tissue specimen used for dispersion. Aliquots containing 1500 mast cells per sample are sufficient for measuring significant amounts of histamine (± 0.15 ng histamine per sample), thus making it possible, to carry out approximately 75 tests for four mucosal biopsies of 10 mg each. The intestinal mast cell releases histamine in a dose‐dependent manner on challenge with anti‐IgE (6–600 U/ml), ionophore A23187 (0.25–1.0 μM), and Concanavalin A (0.7–25.0 μg/ml). The histamine release shows interindividual variation with a net histamine release between 0 to 2.5 ng/samples dependent on the secretatogue. In general, it is not necessary to passively sensitize the mast cells to obtain a sufficient histamine release response to anti‐IgE challenge, indicating the presence of intact and functional cell‐bound IgE. However, it is shown that four of 10 non‐atopic intestinal mast cell samples could be passively sensitized with human plasma containing either mite‐ or grass‐specific IgE without stripping off the IgE first. This indicates the presence of free and preserved Fc‐receptors on the dispersed mast cells in some subjects. In addition, it is found that the phorbolester TPA increases the histamine release response to A23187 and turns anti‐IgE non‐responding mast cells into responding mast cells, but TPA alone at 2 to 16 ng/ml has no histamine releasing effect. In patients with anti‐IgE responding mast cells no additional effect of TPA is seen. Finally, no substantial differences between mast cells of ch

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thein vitrohistamine release response of human intestinal mast cells and basophils challenged with anti‐IgE, Concanavalin A, ionophore A23187 and food extracts was compared with skin prick test, RAST analysis and open food challenge. It was not possible to perform food challenge in all patients; however, seven children underwent open food challenge and in five the clinical diagnosis of “true” food allergy was confirmed. The intestinal mast cells were pooled from enzymatically dispersed duodenal biopsies obtained by duodenoscopy from 15 selected children suspected of food allergy, and five age‐matched controls. In nine of 10 patients classified as “food allergic” intestinal mast cells released histamine to various food extracts in a dose‐dependent fashion. From the mast cells of the nine food‐allergic patients compared with non‐allergics, the anti‐IgE mediated mast cell histamine release was increased. Additionally, at 1000 U/ml anti‐IgE the mast cell histamine release was increased compared with their corresponding basophils. However, in non‐allergic subjects the histamine release of basophils was increased compared with their corresponding mast cells. Histamine release from basophils was positively correlated to the test scores of the RAST analysis, skin prick test, and food challenge. No apparent correlation between tests scores obtained from histamine release of intestinal mast cell and the other tests was demonstrated, except in children with diarrhoea as only symptom. However, the study gives evidence that duodenal mast cells actually are sensitized with specific IgE and thus may play a pathophysiological role in food hypersensitivity. In addition, the study shows that the ability of different stimuli, including food extracts, to trigger basophil histamine release does not correlate with their potency to induce histamine

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seventeen patients with perennial asthma, stable on a moderate dose of inhaled steroid, participated in a crossover study comparing the clinical effect of a non‐sedative, potent and highly selective H1antagonist (loratadine 10 mg) with placebo. Each treatment period began with 2 weeks run‐in followed by 8 weeks on either antihistamine or placebo. During the 8‐week periods inhaled steroid was gradually tapered according to a fixed scheme. One patient was withdrawn from active treatment and three from placebo periods because of decreasing lung function (P>0.1). Among the remaining 13 patients there was a threefold (1.8–4.8) decrease in the bronchial sensitivity to histamine during treatment with antihistamine compared to placebo (P<0.01). There was a trend in favour of active treatment with regard to changes in all symptom scores, lung function and use of escape medication, but these differences were not statistically significant. The increase in FEV, was<5% of predicted normal (P<0.05). We concluded that the bronchial response to histamine can be attenuated by loratadine, an oral H1receptor antagonist, but further studies are necessary to assess the clinical usefulness and place of loratadine in the therapy of

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Respiratory allergies and subclinical sensitization to aeroallergens were investigated in 129 rural and in 222 urban probands. The incidence of respiratory allergies was not significantly higher in the urban residents. Sensitization to aeroallergens was investigated with Phadezym RAST (house dust mite, Cladosporium, orchard grass, birch pollens) and the Phadiatop multi RAST and found to be significantly more frequent in polluted than in unpolluted areas. Allergen‐specific IgE was detected n 37.8% of urban probands and in 25.6% of rural probands with Phadezym RAST (P<0.025) and a positive Phadiatop multi RAST was found in 43.7% versus 32.6 (P<0.05

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rat mast cell granules were obtained by sonication of highly purified rat mast cells and isolated in a Percoll gradient. Phosphorylation of endogenous phosphatidylinositol in rat mast cell granules, which is catalyzed by phosphatidylinositol kinase in the granules, was assayed by measuring the incorporation of32P from [γ32P]ATP into phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate. Lipids were isolated with methanol/chloroform/HCl and were separated by thin‐layer chromatography on oxalic acid impregnated silica gel plates. Phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate areas were identified by staining with iodine, scraped and measured for32P radioactivity. The phosphorylation reaction was inhibited by 50–500 μM adenosine, ADP and 500 μM AMP in a concentration‐dependent manner. Among several antiallergic drugs investigated, 100±1000 μM theophylline and 10±100 μM azelastine inhibited the phosphorylation reaction, but disodium cromoglycate and ketotifen h

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

By questionnaire, 1469 randomly selected persons between 16 and 82 years of age were asked whether they had suffered from such nasal complaints as obstruction, sneezing and discharge, at least during the previous 6 months. Seventy‐five per cent answered the questionnaire, two thirds of whom were city dwellers and one third lived in a rural district. No difference was found between the urban and the rural populations regarding the prevalence of symptoms. Twenty‐one per cent suffered from non‐allergic nasal complaints, and 5% from allergic nasal complaints. The prevalence of non‐allergic nasal complaints was highest in the 20–30‐year age group, and lowest in the 50–60‐year age group. Contributory factors were of greater importance among the younger individuals than among t

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study the role of food additives, tyramine and acetylsalicylic acid, was investigated by double‐blind placebo‐controlled challenges (DBPCC) in 25 children with severe atopic dermatitis (AD). All children challenged with foods (n= 24), except one, showed one or more positive reactions to the DBPCC with foods. Positive reactions presented as different combinations of flares of skin symptoms, intestinal symptoms and respiratory symptoms. Seventeen children (70.8%) showed a positive challenge to egg, 12 to wheat (50%), eight to milk (33.3%) and eight to soya (33.3%). Six children underwent DBPCC with food additives, tyramine and acetylsalicylic acid. All were found to demonstrate positive skin and/or intestinal reactions to at least one of the food additives. Two children reacted to tartrazine, three to sodium benzoate, two to sodium glutamate, two to sodium metabisulfite, four to acetylsalicylic acid and one to tyramine. It is concluded that some foods, food additives, tyramine and acetylsalicylic acid, can cause positive DBPCC in children with severe

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1989.tb04205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY