ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty single‐family homes with either high (≥ 2000 ng/g) or low (≤ 1000 ng/g) house‐dust mite (HDM) allergen levels in mattress dust were examined for ventilation, thermal climate, and air quality (formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). Elevated concentrations of HDM allergen in mattress and floor dust were associated with the difference in absolute humidity between indoor and outdoor air, as well as with low air‐change rates of the home, particularly the bedroom. No correlation was found between concentration of TVOC or formaldehyde in bedroom air and HDM allergen concentration. In regions with a cold winter climate, the air‐change rate of the home and the infiltration of outdoor air into the bedroom appear to be important for the infesta

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We assessed 195 subjects with histories of adverse reactions to aminopenicillins, using 1) skin tests with penicilloyl polylysine (PPL), minor determinant mixture (MDM), benzylpenicillin (PG), amoxicillin, and ampicillin (read after 20 min and 48 h); 2) patch tests with PG, amoxicillin, and ampicillin; and 3) RAST for penicilloyls G and V. Oral challenges with ampicillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin V were administered to 34/60 patients reporting maculopapular reactions. Immediate hypersensitivity (IH), in most cases for both penicillin and aminopenicillins, was diagnosed (based on skin tests, RAST, or both) in 35 subjects who had suffered anaphylactic shock, or urticaria, angioedema, or both urticaria and angioedema. Thirty‐three of the 60 subjects reporting maculopapular reactions presented delayed intradermal and patch‐test positivity, indicating delayed hypersensitivity (DH), for ampicillin and amoxicillin, and three were also positive for PG. Diagnoses were confirmed with oral challenges in 18/33. The remaining 27/60 were negative in all allergologic tests, with oral‐challenge confirmation in 16. Our findings highlight the importance of the amino group in DH to aminopenicillins. Moreover, the mean time interval between the last reaction and our tests was significantly (P<0.01) longer in DH subjects (54.96 months) than in those with IH (18.62 months), suggesting that the time of testing is less important in cases

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum anti‐IgE autoantibodies (aaIgE) were investigated by dot immunobinding assay in bee‐allergic patients in comparison with nonallergic beekeepers, healthy blood donors, and atopic subjects. Elevated serum levels of aaIgE — either free or combined with IgE — were found in both bee‐allergic patients and atopic subjects as compared with beekeepers and healthy donors. With regard to a possible significance of aaIgE for the protective mechanism induced by specific allergen immunotherapy, we estimated aaIgE in bee‐allergic patients before, during, and after bee‐venom immunotherapy (BVIT) in relation to the outcome of a provocation test with a living bee (PT). During the first year of BVIT, there was no significant change in either free or combined aaIgE, but aaIgE decreased during protracted BVIT over 3–7 years. By using two monoclonal anti‐IgE antibodies with different epitope specificity (Le27 and BSW17), we were able to detect two kinds of IgE/aaIgE immune complexes. Our data show that during and after BVIT the levels of one kind of IgE‐aaIgE immune complex (the non‐BSW17 type) tended to decrease in PT‐negative patients but stayed elevated in PT‐positive patients. The levels of the other kind of immune complex (the non‐Le27 type) were similar in treatment failures and successfully treated patients. These data suggest that there are various kinds of aaIgE with differentin vivofunctions related to their epitope specificity. Some of them (non‐BSW17 type) might be

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To assess the relation among eosinophil‐related variables in the peripheral blood, bronchial hyperreactivity, and the presence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 5–14 years, we studied 11 patients with atopic dermatitis alone, six with asthma and atopic dermatitis, 12 with asthma alone, and 12 healthy controls. Eosinophil counts, levels of eosinophil cationic protein, and the capacity of eosinophils to generate leukotriene (LT) C4, as well as bronchial hyperreactivity and a severity score for atopic dermatitis, were determined. Eosinophil variables were significantly higher in both patient groups with atopic dermatitis than in normal controls. In particular, ionophore A 23187 LTC4generation was higher in patients with atopic dermatitis alone (median 82, range 25–273 ng/106cells) and patients with combined asthma and atopic dermatitis (median 68, range 32–583 ng/106cells) than in normal controls (median 9, range 1–67 ng/106cells). However, there was no difference between the group of atopic dermatitis patients with asthma and without asthma. We conclude that eosinophil variables in the peripheral blood are mainly influenced by the presence of atopic dermatitis, and not the presence and the severity of asthma in patients with both asthma and atopic d

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Purification procedures for the four egg‐white proteins ovomucoid, ovotransferrin, ovalbumin, and lysozyme are presented with reference to mechanistic studies at epitope levels of allergic reactions to these proteins. The applied procedures resulted in four preparations containing less than 0.1% contaminating proteins each. The purified protein preparations were characterized by SDS—PAGE and by crossed Immunoelectrophoresis with polyclonal antibodies raised against an egg‐white extract or the purified proteins. The necessity of these well‐characterized proteins in studies on allergic reactions was shown by testing human sera in immunoblots of lysozyme, and by immunoblots of ovomucoid probing with antibodies against the p

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Because the mite‐allergen content in homes is highly variable even in the same geographic area, we tried to determine which variables influence mite infestation. We evaluated mite‐allergen content in bedding relative to housing conditions and living habits. This cross‐sectional study included 108 homes. Housing conditions were assessed by an architect and living habits by a researcher specialized in social and family economics. Group I allergen level was measured on the mattress dust with monoclonal antibodies, and relative humidity (RH) was monitored in the bedroom during a 2‐week period. Homes with low RH did have low mite‐allergen content. In contrast, homes with intermediate RH levels had very variable mite‐allergen content. Using analysis of variance and a logistic regression analysis, we were unable to identify any variable predictive of mite‐allergen content. Thus, factors other than relative humidity seem to influence mite infestation. Moreover, the absence of association between mite infestation and ventilation rate might be accounted for by the gentle climate in our area with notab

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Quantitative measurement of the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) concentration and the percentage of eosinophils in nasal secretions has greatly improved our understanding of the inflammatory process after natural allergen exposure. ECP and eosinophils were measured in the nasal secretions of 40 symptomatic patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis during the pollen season. Results showed a significant relationship between a high concentration of ECP (median: 410 ng/g, range: 6–2380 ng/g) and a high percentage of eosinophils (median: 13.5%, range: 1–85%). This quantitative study again demonstrated that infiltration by eosinophils and release of ECP play a key role in allergic rhinitis. It also suggests that the combined measurement of the percentage of eosinophils together with the ECP concentration in nasal secretions seems to be a very useful model in monitoring and assessing the condition of chronic nasal inflammation in patients with allergic rhini

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Variations in T lymphocytes in asthmatic patients are related to disease severity. However, the effects of natural exposure to pollens on peripheral blood T lymphocytes have not been clarified. In this paper, the effects on peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes from pollen‐sensitive subjects and from nonatopic donors were studied during and outside the pollen season. In patients who suffer from seasonal asthma, we found an increase in the CD4/CD8 bright ratio and a decrease in the mean number of CD4 receptors per cell during the pollen season. No variation was observed in healthy subjects. These results suggest that CD4 lymphocytes may be causally linked to the pathogenesis of seasonal bronchial asthm

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Our recent studies have demonstrated that in early HIV‐1 infection, elevation of plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels precedes the decline of CD4 cell count and is influenced by vitamin E status. In order to further investigate the role of IgE elevation in HIV‐1 infection, we determined IgE levels in HIV‐1‐seropositive and ‐seronegative intravenous drug users (IDUs) (n= 38), in relationship to cellular and humoral immune function, liver enzymes, and vitamin E status. To examine the possible impact of the route of HIV‐1 infection on IgE levels, comparisons between the cohorts of the HIV‐1‐seropositive and ‐seronegative IDUs and homosexual men (n= 45) were also conducted. All HIV‐1‐seropositive participants had significantly higher (P= 0.003) IgE levels than the HIV‐1‐seronegative subjects. The HIV‐1‐seropositive IDUs, moreover, demonstrated significantly higher (P= 0.01) IgE levels than HIV‐1‐seropositive homosexual men, despite similar CD4 cell counts. Stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate the possible variables contributing to the IgE variation. HIV‐1 status (P= 0.0009), intravenous drug use (P= 0.014), CD8 cell counts (P= 0.0001), plasma level of vitamin E (P= 0.006), and alcohol intake (P= 0.047) were significant, accounting for 71% of the IgE elevation. These findings suggest that IgE may serve as a sensitive marker to reflect the evolution of HIV‐1 disease in i

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb05073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY