ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nasal epithelial cells represent the first barrier against noxious agents and allergens. In allergic rhinitis, these cells are activated and histamine may be involved in this activation. Loratadine and one of its active metabolites, descarboethoxyloratadine, were studied for their ability to reduce the activation of nasal epithelial cells by histamine. Nasal turbinates or polyps were removed during surgery from 19 subjects, and nasal epithelial cells were recovered after enzymatic digestion. Thein vitroactivation of epithelial cells with histamine using an optimal dose (1 μM) and an optimal time (24 h) of incubation was studied, and the effect of loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine (l0 μM) was investigated. The expression of membrane markers (intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and a human leukocyte class II antigen (HLA‐DR) was assessed by immunocylochemical analysis using an alkaline‐antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) system. The spontaneous expression of both markers was not significantly different in cells recovered from nasal turbinates or polyps, and there was a highly significant increase in the numbers of cells expressing ICAM‐1 and HLA‐DR following incubation with histamine. Loratadine or descarboethoxyloratadine significantly blocked these effects. This study shows a new possible antiallergic effect of H1‐blockers and suggests that their effects on epithelial cells may be

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of nasal corticosteroid therapy on allergic rhinitis is uncertain. In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study over 3 months, we investigated the influence of a new corticosteroid spray, fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS), on Langerhans cells (CD1a+cells), HLA‐DR+cells, and T cells in nasal mucosa. Efficacy was evaluated by nasal symptom score. This treatment significantly decreased the number of CDla+cells and HLA‐DR+cells in the nasal mucosa. Furthermore, a clear trend of decreasing numbers of T cells in nasal epithelium was found. No change in nasal symptom score was found after the treatment period. These findings suggest that fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray decreases the antigen presentation in nasal

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) were determined by enzyme immunoassay in 414 Greek infants and children of both sexes, 1 month to 14 years old. The children were admitted to the “Aghia Sophia” Teaching Hospital for Children (Athens, Greece) for surgical corrections of minor anatomic abnormalities, but they were otherwise healthy. Statistical analysis was performed through multiple regression after logarithmic transformation of the immunoglobulin values. IgE levels increased significantly by about 80°, per year up to the age of 5 years, without noticeable impact of age on these levels thereafter. History of allergic disease showed a significant positive association with serum levels of IgE in both younger (less than 5 years) and older children. History of frequent infections was positively associated with IgE levels, although the relation was statistically significant only in the older age group. IgE levels in Greek children appear to be higher than the corresponding levels of children living in northern Europe, but much lower than those of children in Southeast Asia, a fact that may reflect different exposure level during childhood to infections known to influence IgE le

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Six monoclonal antibodies againstBet vI, the major cross‐reactive allergen of birch pollen (Betula verrucosa), were obtained. Four did not react with fruits, but two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (5H8 and 9C11) were reactive with apple and other fruits. These two cross‐reactive antibodies reacted with identical or overlapping sites, but differed in their relative degree of cross‐reactivity toward various fruits and hazelnut. Cross‐reactive human IgE antibodies reacted with a nonoverlapping epitope, as indicated by results of a two‐site radioimmunoassay (RIA) with the fruit‐reactive mAb 9C11. By isoelectric focusing (IEF) in conjunction with immunoblotting, a maximum of seven isoforms could be distinguished. Depletion of birch‐pollen extract forBet vI with the most reactive mAb (7F7) removed approximately 95% of the IgE cross‐reactivity between birch pollen and apple extract. The remaining 5% cross‐reactive material was still capable of inhibiting the binding of IgE to apple allergen completely, and was reactive with mAbs 5H8 and 3C4. By means of IEF/immunoblot, it was shown that these mAbs recognize an isoform ofBet vI that is poorly, if at all, recognized by mAb 7F7. These results illustrate the heterogeneity ofBet vI, both with respect to the cross‐reactive sites as well as to the backbone structure. This type of heterogeneity has possible implications for the use of monoclonal antibodies in aller

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have tested the effect of a porous cellulose fabric face mask. Nine asthmatic patients, anamnestically sensitive to cold, took part in exercise tests on an ergometer bicycle at a temperature of approximately ‐10°C, with and without a face mask. For comparison, exercise tests were also performed with breathing taking place through a woolen scarf. Three minutes after finishing the exercise test, there was an average fall in FEV, of 32% in the group without a face mask. The corresponding fall in FEV, was 6% with a face mask and 17% with a scarf. In order to get some idea of the patients’ attitudes to the face mask, it was used by 25 asthma patients during a period of 2 weeks in winter, after which they were asked to answer a simple questionnaire. Eighty‐eight percent of the patients stated that the face mask had provided satisfactory protection against asthma complaints induced by cold air, and 72% reported that they had been able to spend more time out‐of‐doors. The results show that porous cellulose fabric designed as a face mask offers effective protection against asthma complaints induced by cold air and exercise, and that the patients appear to appreciate this protective aid highly despite the cosmetic dis

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to devise a protective aid against bronchial obstruction induced by cold air, we have tested a breathing filter with heat and moisture exchanging properties. Nine asthma patients, who all had a history of cold‐induced asthma, took part in exercise tests on an ergometer bicycle at a temperature of approximately −10deg;C, without and with a breathing filter. Without a breathing filter, the maximum reduction in FEV1was, on average, 36%. With the breathing filter, the maximum reduction in FEV1was, on average, 11%. The difference was clearly significant (P<0.001). A further five cold‐sensitive asthmatics performed similar exercise tests at −10°C on three occasions: 1) without and 2) with a breathing filter as above, and 3) with two breathing filters connected in parallel: one for inspiration and the other for expiration. Thus, no heat‐moisture exchange could take place. The fall in FEV1after provocation without a breathing filter and with parallel breathing filters was similar but attenuated when rebreathing took place through the breathing filter. The results confirm the theory that in cold/exercise‐induced asthma, it is indeed the heat and or water loss from the airways that triggers airway narrowing, and that a heat and moisture exchanging filter has a considerable protective effect and can be of value in the treatme

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We evaluated the ENEA System, a fully automated instrument for the measurement of specific IgE antibodies. The instrument dispenses sera and reagents, incubates, washes, and reads and prints results automatically. The “core” of the instrument is the reactive unit called ACE (Allergy Chamber Enzymatic), which is a new solid phase to which the allergens are linked. The system uses calibration curves specific for the major allergen families, and data are supplied qualitatively (five classes) and quantitatively. We evaluated the analytic efficiency of the system and its correlation with thein vivotest (skin prick test (SPT)) results in 60 patients with inhalant allergic diseases and in 20 controls. Results: 450 results were available within 4 h. A satisfactory within‐run (CVs between 1.58 and 6.2%) and between‐run (CVs 6.3–11.5%) precision was found. No significant earn‐over was observed. A wide linearity of the assay was demonstrated. With the concordance between the clinical history and SPT as the reference value, the clinical sensitivity of the ENEA System was 84.1 %, the specificity 82.8%, and the overall efficiency 83.4%. Finally, a good agreement with the results of another technique for thein vitromeasurement of specific IgE (Pharmacia CAP System)

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The review summarizes the major results of eight double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, volunteer studies undertaken by three independent institutions for showing the effects on actual driving performance of “sedating” and “nonsedating” antihistamines (respectively, triprolidine, diphenhydramine, clemastine and terfenadine, loratadine, cetirizine, acrivastine, mizolastine, and ebastine). A common, standardized test was used that measures driving impairment from vehicular “weaving” (i.e., standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP)). Logical relationships were found between impairment and dose, time after dosing, and repeated doses over 4–5 days. The newer drugs were generally less impairing, but differences existed among their effects, and none was unimpairing at doses 1–2 × the currently recommended levels. One or possibly two of the newer drugs possessed both performance‐enhancing and ‐impairing properties, depending on dose, suggesting

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Levels of “free” anti‐IgE autoantibodies and IgE/anti‐IgE immune complexes were measured in the sera of patients with atopic dermatitis before and after treatment, psoriasis patients, and nonatopic controls. In this measurement, we used two monoclonal antibodies with distinctin vitrofunctions (LE 27, BSW 17), directed against the epsilon CH3 and CH4 domains of the IgE Fc‐fragment, in a novel immunobinding assay. In patients with atopic dermatitis, elevated levels of “free” anti‐IgE antibodies and IgE/anti‐IgE immune complexes were detected in comparison to psoriasis patients and controls. In addition, there was a positive correlation between total IgE and the amount of IgE/anti‐IgE complexes detected by LE 27 (r=0.7;P<0.001) or BSW 17 (r= 0.64;P<0.001) in patients with atopic dermatitis. In contrast, an inverse correlation was observed between total IgE and “free” anti‐IgE antibodies (r=−0.34;P<0.05) in atopic dermatitis. However, serum levels of anti‐IgE autoantibodies before and after therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis did not differ, and levels of anti‐IgE antibodies did not correlate with clinical severity, as evaluated by an established clinical scoring system. Our data clearly indicate that significantly elevated amounts of anti‐IgE antibodies could be observed in patients with atopic dermatitis, which are directed against different epitopes on the IgE molecule. It is tempting to speculate that these autoantibodies exert different effects on IgE‐receptor‐bearing effector cells and may pla

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb01141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY