ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The amounts of dust, protein, and allergens in vacuumed floor covering samples taken from both schools and homes in Norway have been investigated. Classrooms contained significantly more crude dust per unit area than homes, while the mean protein content per unit area was somewhat higher in homes. The main allergen exposure problem in classrooms was that of pet allergens; the contents of dog allergens and the major cat (Felis domesticus) allergenFel dI per unit area were significantly higher in school classrooms than in homes of families who do not keep pets. The mite and food allergens, on the contrary, were more prevalent in homes. Carpeted floors in schools and homes contained significantly more dust, proteins, and allergens than smooth floors (P<0.05).Fel dI was detected in the vacuum cleaners' filter system in concentrations from<1 ng to 1080 ng, confirming that this allergen can pass through the dust bag during vacuuming.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02651.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To investigate whether markers of lymphocyte activation are useful markers of disease activity in childhood asthma, we studied serum levels of soluble CD25 (receptor for IL‐2) and soluble CD23 (low‐affinity receptor for IgE) in 178 children (aged 2‐18 years) suffering from mild to moderate asthma (mean asthma severity score: 2, range: 1–4), and in 175 healthy age‐matched controls. Levels of sCD23 and sCD25 were invesely related to age. sCD23 was lower in patients with asthma (means per age group: 4.93–2.29 ug/1; controls: 6.92–4.11 ug/1,P<0.05), while sCD25 tended to be higher (1601–597 kU/ml, controls: 1350–‐661 kU/ml,P= NS). sCD25 correlated significantly with asthma severity score (r=0.41;P<0.01) and MEF25(maximum experatory flow at 25% of vital capacity, r= ‐O.43; P<0.05) in children<10 years, while sCD23 correlated with asthma severity (r=O.28;P10 years. On follow‐up, levels of sCD25 normalized with clinical improvement. In children with nonatopic asthma, levels of sCD25 were significantly higher than in atopic patients. Our observations provide further evidence of the role of T‐cell activation in asthma. Monitoring of lymphocyte activation markers, particularly levels of sCD25, may be useful in the follow

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

IgG antibody response to the inhalant allergen Parietaria judaica (Pj) and IgG subclass distribution were studied in 82 normal subjects, divided into three groups according to age (0–1, 1–20, and 20–60 years) and in 32 allergic subjects aged 20–60 years. Both normal and allergic subjects showed an IgG response, and all had IgG1 antibodies specific for PjE. Serum IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 against PjE were detectable in 36%, 46%, and 22% of normal subjects, and in 58%, 31%, and 65% of allergic subjects, respectively. A significant difference in class distribution between allergic and age‐matched normal subjects was found only for IgG4 antibodies against PjE (65% and 17%; P<0.01). The ELISA results were also analyzed quantitatively, taking into account the relative proportion of specific antibodies. Thus, in normal subjects IgG1 antibodies showed a decreasing trend as the age rose, while no differences according to the age of the subject were found for IgG2 and IgG4. When data from allergic subjects (20–60 years) and the age‐matched normal group were compared, they were different for the relative percentage of IgG2 only, showing for this a significantly lower value (P<0.001). The present data indicate that normal and allergic subjects show differences in the IgG isotype distribution depending on their sensitivity and duration of alle

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lipoxins are trihydroxytetraene metabolites derived through a double lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid. Lipoxin A4(LXA4) was prepared by total chemical synthesis, and its capacity to modulate eosinophil migration has been evaluated. LXA4is a weak and partial chemotactic agent; at 10−6M, it achieved about 20% of the response of 10−6M platelet‐activating factor (PAF). Preincubation of eosinophils with increasing doses of LXA4(10−10−10−5M) resulted in a concentration‐dependent inhibition of cell migration induced by 10‐6M formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP) and 10‐6M PAF. The concentration of LXA4which produced 50% inhibition (IC50) of eosinophil migration was approximately 10‐6M. LXA4(10‐10‐10‐6M) did not elicit ECP release or modulate ECP release induced by 10‐6M FMLP. LXA4may have antiallergic properties in

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Aspergillus fumigatusgrown in submerged and surface cultures was extracted, and the extracts were analyzed separately. The submerged extract contained 31.9% protein and 8.3% carbohydrate, while the corresponding values were 17.0% and 33.3% for the surface material. With individual sera from patients with allergic asthma, SDS‐PAGE combined with immunoblotting revealed that the submerged extract contained at least six strong IgE‐binding components (20, 30, 38, 50, 68, and 90 kDa) in addition to several weak to medium IgE‐binding components. The surface extract contained about the same number of IgE‐binding components, but only one gave a strong reaction (20 kDa). The allergens present were shown to have pI between 4.5 and 5.6 as demonstrated by isoelectric focusing (IEF) combined with immunoblotting. For identification ofA. fumigatusglycoprotein allergens, both extracts were treated with periodate under mild conditions. Two allergens of the submerged extract (90 and 38 kDa) partly lost their IgE‐binding ability by this treatment, indicating that these components are glycoproteins and that the carbohydrate moiety is involved in the IgE binding. The IgE‐binding ability of the 20‐kDa allergen was not influenced by periodate. For assessment of the stability of the two allergen extracts, aqueous solutions were kept at 4°C for 2, 7, and 21 d and then analyzed by SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting. The results showed that most allergens of the submerged extract were partly inactivated after 2 d. After 21 d, only the 20‐kDa and 30‐kDa components were still able to bind IgE. Similar results were obtained by analyzing the surface extract. When the same experiment was performed on samples in a 50% glycerol solution, the results strongly indicated that glycerol had a stabilizing effect on allergens in both extracts. The enzyme content, estimated by the API ZYM‐test, showed that both extracts contained several protein‐ and carbohydrate‐degrading enzymes. The presence of these enzymes may explain th

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Complement is a system of functionally linked serum proteins that interact to exert biologic effects in inflammatory and immunologic processes. As part of a larger study with a potential topical antiallergic drug, we measured C3a des Arg and C5a des Arg in 13 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and in five nonatopic controls after placebo treatment. After 1 week of placebo treatment, a nasal allergen challenge with increasing doses of pollens was performed in both allergic subjects and controls. A symptom score method was used, and in returned nasal lavage fluid, the activity of C3a des Arg and C5a des Arg was measured. We found that allergen challenge in the allergic subjects induced nasal symptoms concomitantly with increased levels of C3a des Arg and C5a des Arg (P<0.05). No increases either in symptoms or in the very low base‐line levels of C3a des Arg and C5a des Arg were observed in the nonallergic controls. We conclude that the activation of the complement cascade is one part of the vasculature exudative response during the immediate allergic reaction in the upper airways. Because of their biologic potency, these proteins may be an essential part of the exudative response which perpetuates the ongoing inflammatory reactio

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mast cells from different anatomic sites differ in cytochemistry and response to various secretory stimuli. We have investigated whether responsiveness to the second‐generation H1‐receptor antagonists, which are important first‐line drugs for the relief of symptoms in patients with chronic urticaria and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, also differs according to the site of origin of mast cells. The effects of terfenadine, ketotifen, and cetirizine were therefore examined in relation to the IgE‐dependent release of histamine and prostaglandin D2(PGD2) from dispersed human lung, tonsil, and skin mast cells. Terfenadine had a biphasic effect on lung and skin mast cells: at low concentrations, a concentration‐dependent inhibition of histamine release from lung and skin mast cells was observed, whereas at higher concentrations the drug stimulated mediator release. Even at a high concentration, terfenadine inhibited mediator release from tonsil mast cells. Ketotifen had low potency as an inhibitor of mediator release from lung and tonsil mast cells. In skin mast cells, no inhibition of mediator release was observed below 1.0 μM, and above that concentration it induced mediator release. Cetirizine, a much less lipophilic drug than the others tested, did not induce mediator release from mast cells even at concentrations up to 100 μM. This drug showed concentration‐dependent inhibition of IgE‐dependent mediator release from lung and tonsil mast cells only. Our results show that human mast cells are heterogeneous with respect to modulation of mediator release by these H1‐antihistamines. In particular, differences were observed between skin mast cells and those dispersed from

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this study, the homologous C‐termini ofLol pILol pII, andLol pIII were shown to contain cross‐reactive B‐cell epitopes. This was demonstrated by inhibition studies with purifiedLol pI, II, and III and synthetic peptides of their C‐termini. It was ruled out that the observed cross‐reactivity was caused by cross‐contamination of the purified allergens. Both human IgE and IgG bound to the C‐terminus ofLol pI. These antibodies were cross‐reactive withLol pII and, more specifically, with its C‐terminus. Within a small panel of allergic patients, no cross‐reactivity withLol pIII was found. A hyperimmune polyclonal rabbit antiserum againstLol pI also recognized theLol pI C‐terminus. As for human antibodies, cross‐reactivity withLol pII and its C‐terminus was demonstrated. Cross‐reactivity withLol pIII was demonstrated with C‐terminal peptides, but not with nativeLol pIII. A polyclonal rabbit antiserum againstLol pII bound to the C‐terminal peptides of bothLol pII and III. This binding was inhibited withLol pI, confirming that cross‐reactive structures exist not only on the C‐termini ofLol pII andLol pI, but also ofLol pIII andLol pI. The existence of cross‐reactivity betweenLol pI andLol pII and III possibly contributes to the frequently observed cosensitization for these allerg

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Low‐temperature, acetone powder extracts were prepared from mature fruit of 16 apple strains. SDS‐PAGE and immunoblot analysis revealed great variation in the relative amounts of the 18‐kDa apple allergen in these extracts. EAST (RAST) scores, measured with individual and pool sera from patients allergic to birch pollen and apples, ranged from 0.2 to 4.0 and were related to the relative amount of the 18‐kDa protein. These findings were confirmed by ELISA‐inhibition assays, dose‐related histamine release, semiquantitative evaluation of immunoblots by absorption/reflection densitometry, and skin prick tests with extracts of Golden Delicious, Boskoop, and Jamba apples (corresponding to a high, low, and very low 18‐kDa allergen content). Additional open oral challenge tests were performed with two apple‐allergic patients and 15 and 16 apple strains. With all methods, the deduced allergenic potency decreased in the following order: Golden Delicious>Boskoop>Jamba. Therefore, we concluded that the IgE‐binding potency of apple strains depends on the occurrence of th

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb02659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY