摘要:

In a double‐blind investigation the aspecific bronchus threshold was estimated by administration of methacholine to 16 young atopic patients with proven airways hyper‐reactivity (PC20histamine 2 mg/ml. The influence of prolonged oral administration (12 weeks) of ketotifen (2 mg/day) on the bronchus threshold value has been studied. No significant elevation was found. It could be concluded that administration of ketotifen, even in prolonged administration, has no anticholenergic effe

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The peak expiratory flow values and asthma symptom scores of 92 adults with extrinsic and intrinsic asthma were recorded daily from September 1981 to April 1982 in order to study the effects of symptomatic respiratory infections (SRI) on the course of asthma. During the follow‐up, 253 exacerbations of asthma were observed in 67 patients. 68 subjects had 141 episodes of SRI. 63 of 253 exacerbations (25%) were found in association with SRI. The mean duration of the exacerbations associated with SRI was 13.4 days, significantly different (P<0.01) from the mean duration of 8.1 days recorded for the other exacerbations. The results confirm the high incidence of asthmatic exacerbations during respiratory infections and suggest that the recovery from an exacerbation is slower in association with infectio

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty‐two cord blood samples were studied for histamine releasing capability by using a sensitive glass microfibre‐based histamine analysis. Histamine was obtained after challenge with anti‐IgE in 24 of the 32 samples. However, the net release in cord blood was only 25 % of that in adult blood and no relationship was found between histamine release response, total IgE in cord plasma, and a family history of atopic diseases. The low histamine release in cord blood seemed to be associated with the immunological IgE receptor complex activation and not with an immature basic cell function, since the calcium ionophore A23187 which bypasses the receptor complex induced identical histamine release curves in cord and adult blood. Furthermore, when comparing the results of passive sensitization of basophils from new‐born and adult persons, the new‐born basophils possessed a significant fraction of free IgE receptors, whereas in adults most of the receptors were occupi

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The natural killer (NK) cell activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found to be inhibited by precipitated tetanus toxoid anti‐tetanus toxoid complexes (Te/ aTe) as well as soluble Te/aTe, Preincubation of the immune complexes with protein A decreased the inhibition of NK cell activity. When mononuclear cells were preincubated with interferon (IF) or interleukin 2 (II‐2) before incubation with Te/aTe, the immune complex‐induced inhibition was decreased, while IF or II‐2 added after incubation with the immune complexes had no effect. Using NK cell‐enriched suspensions in a single cell agarose assay, the immune complexes were shown to inhibit NK cell activity by inhibiting the formation of effector/target cell c

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Serum samples were collected from eight grass pollen hypersensitive children during a 4‐year period. The sera were assayed for contents of timothy‐specific IgE antibodies by RAST. Timothy‐specific IgG and IgA antibodies were quantified by a refined ELISA in which covalent binding of the antigen to the polystyrene solid phase had been performed. IgG antibodies were also assayed by a Sepharose‐protein‐A technique with radiolabelled timothy allergens as the antigen. It was possible to register clearcut seasonal variations with postseasonally boosted antibody levels not only of timothy‐specific IgE but also of IgG antibody. Both igG1 and IgG4 antibodies specific for timothy showed seasonal variations of a similar degree. It was not possible to register seasonal variations of the same magnitude of timothy‐specific I

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To investigate whether exercise‐ and ultrasonic “fog”‐induced asthma are due to the same mechanism, i.e. mediator release induced by osmotic changes, we measured the serum neutrophil chemotactic activity before and after excercise and inhalation of “fog” in 15 asthmatic subjects. To assess changes in airway caliber we measured specific airway conductance (SGaw); to assess changes in neutrophil chemotactic activity we measured the maximum distance reached by neutrophils in a filter when challenged with the subject's serum in a Boyden chamber. In 10 subjects, SGaw decreased by more than 35% and neutrophil chemotactic activity increased significantly (P<0.05) both after exercise and “fog”, whereas in five subjects no change occurred either after exercise or “fog”. We conclude that both exercise‐ and “fog”‐induced asthma are associated with increased serum neutrophil chemotactic activity, and that both stimuli may cause asthma by osmotically triggering media

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred and six of 503 (21 %) consecutive children with asthma, who from 1979 to 1983 commenced hyposensitization therapy, were prospectively studied on the safety of immunotherapy. More than 80% of the patients completed therapy without side effects. Thirteen patients were withdrawn from hyposensitization due to moderate and predictable, but intolerable, side effects such as asthma/rhinitis, urticaria and subcutaneous nodules and hypersensitivity to aluminium. However, more alarming was the outcome in six children, who after an uneventful course of immunotherapy and after several months on maintenance therapy, suddenly, 5 to 20 min (mean 10 min) following an earlier tolerable allergen injection, developed severe, anaphylactic reactions, in three of them nearly fatal. Mould extracts were responsible for the most frequent and serious side effects (Alternaria iridis/alternate, 3 patients,Cladosporium herbarum.8 patients). Furthermore, serious, but not immediately life‐threatening, anaphylactic reactions occurred in two children treated withPhleum pretenseOn the other hand, hyposensitization withDermatophagoidespteronyssinus was very well tolerate

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied the effects of anti‐asthmatic and anti‐inflammatory drugs on antigen‐induced bronchial anaphylactic reactions (BAR) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats immunized with ovalbumin (OA) and alum. The animals were treated locally (intratracheal instillation (i.t.) or by aerosol) with terbutaline (TERB), disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), theophylline (THEO), the xanthine derivative 3,7‐dihydro‐1,8‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐1H‐purine‐2,6‐dione (D4026), budesonide (BUD) or dexamethasone (DEX) at various times before intravenous (i.v.) challenge with OA. The BAR was elicited by giving a low dose of OA. When the response to that challenge had levelled an additional high dose of antigen was given. Previous work had shown that TERB, DSCG, and D4026 given systemically (i.v.) at a suboptimal dose, had a better inhibitory efficacy when the animals were challenged with a low antigen dose late (6 weeks) than when challenged early (2–3 weeks) after immunization. We show here that such a difference in efficacy is not recorded after local treatment. Moreover, each of the drugs inhibited BAR to the same extent after i.t. as after i.v. treatment. Potent drugs like TERB and D4026 seemed to show similar efficacy when given cither i.t. or by aerosol, whereas less potent drugs like DSCG and THEO were less effective when given by aerosol. In a previous study, we showed that the inhibitory capacity of glucocorticoids (GCS) on the BAR did not vary with sensitization conditions of the rats, BUD and DEX showed the same inhibitory capacity after intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment as after i.t. treatment. In the present study, DEX showed increased whereas BUD showed decreased inhibitory capacity when given by aerosol 18–24 h before challenge. The duration of the anti‐anaphylactic activity after inhalation wa

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Investigations have been carried out into the presence of antibody light chains in rabbit allergenic extracts and the interference in RAST and crossed‐radioimmunoelectrophoresis (XRIE) caused by antibodies directed against them‐ A “non‐specific” uptake of radioactivity in XRIE has been demonstrated to be caused by direct cross‐linking of the12 5I rabbit anti‐human IgE by the sheep antibodies in the Immunoprecipitate of rabbit light chains. Preincubation with normal rabbit serum blocked this direct uptake of the labelled antibody and enabled specific IgE uptake on the light chains to be demonstrated for rabbit allergic sera. Verification of the allergenicity of the light chains was obtained from a specific light chain RAST. Elution from a Sephacryl S‐200 gel filtration column indicated a MW of approx. 50 Kd and confirmation of the component as light chain dimers, not Fab fragments, was obtained by allotyping for loci present on heavy chains and light chains in the Fab region. Light chains were detected in urine from rabbits of all ages and in extract of dust collected in a rabbit housing area. No background staining was observed in XRIE using rabbit antisera, either with rabbit allergic sera with specific IgE or with a human serum containing specific IgG antibodies to rabbit IgG. This latter serum also showed no evidence of uptake on all immunoprecipitates in systems using rabbit antisera, and did not give false positive RAST results when the labelled rabbit anti‐human IgE contained unlabelled rabbit IgG. Those sera with specific IgE to light chains showed no uptake in XRIE using rabbit antisera, indicating that the IgE was possibly specific for epitopes revealed by the dissociation of the w

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviews in this article:Venge, P.&Lindbom, A.(eds.): Inflammation. Basic mechjinisms, tissue injuring principles, clinical models.Kay, A. B. (ed.): Asthma. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic progressMygind, N.: Essential allergyOppenheim, J. J.&Jacobs, D. M.: Leukocytes and host defense: Progress in leukocyte biology.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY