摘要:

Two purified allergens fromDermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dp 42 (identical to P1) and Dp X were studied for their ability to induce histamine release from washed leukocytes and to bind to IgE antibodies from the serum of 27 mite‐sensitive children. Almost all patients were demonstrated to be sensitive to both proteins by both assays. Dp 42 was found to have the highest allergenic activity, releasing histamine from leukocytes at a median concentration 10 times lower than for Dp X. There was a positive correlation between basophil sensitivity to both proteins and allergen specific serum IgE concentration

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb02676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The different needles and methods used in the prick test give rise to disparate results. This has significance when carrying out multi‐centre studies and when using the technique in the standardization of allergenic extracts. With test reliability as our objective, prick tests were carried out on 30 subjects: 10 patients sensitive toDermatophagoides pteronyssinusreceived a glycerine extract of known allergenic potency, 10 healthy individuals 2.5% codeine phosphate in a glycerine solution, and another 10, histamine 1/1000. The total prick tests per individual was 27 with each of the needles employed (Allergy Pricker, the Morrow‐Brown needle and Insulin needle in accordance with Pepy's procedure). The tests were carried out systematically by three different testers, and the total number of prick tests performed was 810. With the Allergy Pricker, no differences were observed among results obtained by the same tester, nor when the results of the three testers were compared. With the Morrow‐Brown needle, the results varied in the same person and from one tester to another, and on many occasions the test was negative. With the Pepys method, no falsely negative results were obtained, but there was considerable variation in the size of the wheal. The variation coefficient is 41 % with the Allergy Pricker, and 115 % and 64 % with the Morrow‐Brown and Pepys method, respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained clearly indicate that the highest degree of reproducibility is obtained with the Allergy

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb02677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The reproducibility of repeated quantitative skin prick test titrations was evaluated in seven asthmatic patients tested 2–4 times within 6 weeks. The skin sensitivity was estimated as endpoint titration and histamine equivalent reaction using both 1 and 10 mg/ml histamine dihydrochloride. The histamine equivalent reaction had a significantly higher reproducibility compared to endpoint titration, with a coefficient of variation less than 10% for histamine 10 mg/ml. Further, using this histamine concentration, the deviation in repeated testing was for practical purposes less than 0.5 log step. The same constancy in skin sensitivity was found in one patient tested 3 times and then retested another 3 times 6 months later by a different tester. The results indicate that the quantitative skin prick test and histamine‐estimated skin sensitivity have a clinical application in the assessment of pharmacologically or immunotherapy‐induced changes in the releasability of skin mast

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb02678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method is described in which the conventional radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for determination of allergen‐specific IgE in serum has been modified by displacing the solid‐phase sorbent by a gel of aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3). The optimum conditions for this new analysis (AIRAST) are determined, taking into account speed, costs and the ratio between responses of patients and normal individuals. The AIRAST fullfils the criteria for validity: it is specific and shows parallelism between serum dilution curves. The sensitivity and reproducibility are slightly lower than in the conventional RAST, but sufficient for most routine and screening procedures. The preparation of allergosorbents in AIRAST can be accomplished within 1 h, thus making it convenient for fast screening of patients against unusual allergen extracts, as well as for allergen standardization from dose‐response curves. Further, it is possible to standardize aluminium hydroxide adsorbed extracts used for immunotherapy by using the products directly as allergosorbents in the A

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb02679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The production of leukotrienes has been monitored in tear fluids from subjects following a conjunctival provocation test, and skin blister fluids following initiation of a Prausnitz‐Kustner reaction. In tear fluids elevated levels of leukotriene C4(LTC4)‐immunoreactive material were measured following allergen challenge as compared to control tear fluid obtained by mechanical or reflex stimulation. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography indicated the presence of LTC4, LTD4and LTE4. In the skin, significantly elevated levels of LTC4‐immunoreactive material were measured following allergen challenge in the Prausnitz‐Kustner reaction. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of both LTC4and LTD4. LTB4immunoreactive material was detected both in the tear fluid and the skin tissue fluid. However, no significant increase occurred in either tissue after the allergic reactions. These results indicate that the SRS‐A leukotrienes are releasedin vivoin man following allergen challenge, and indicate these mediators may be important in human allergic

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb02680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cytokines are soluble, antigen non‐specific, non‐immunoglobulin mediators produced and secreted by blood mononuclear cells interacting in the cellular immune‐response. To test the possibility that cytokines participate in the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta‐cells leading to insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, isolated human or rat islets of Langerhans were incubated for 7 days with cytokine‐rich, cell‐free supernatants of blood mononuclear cells from healthy human donors stimulated with or without purified protein derivative of tuberculin or phytohaemagglutinin. Glucose stimulated insulin‐release, and contents of insulin and glucagon in islets incubated with cytokine‐rich supernatants were markedly reduced. This impairment of islet function was due to a cytotoxic effect of cytokine‐rich supernatants as judged by disintegration of normal light‐m

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb02681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Freeze‐dried extracts from cat dander and the corresponding rabbit antibodies were used for establishing the CIE reference pattern for cat dander extracts. Anti‐Cat Ag 1 and anti‐cat albumin were used for identification of the corresponding antigens. CRIE on sera from selected groups of American and Danish cat‐allergic patients demonstrated antigen‐specific IgE binding to 10 of 15 cat dander antigens (Cat Ag 1 being the major allergen). Only minor differences were found between the two groups. Four of these allergens were serum proteins. Variable amounts of many of the 10 allergens were measured by QIE in saliva, serum, urine and three cat pelt extracts. However, extremely wide ranges for content of the serum allergens and the non‐serum allergens were found. This was exemplified by an albumin/cat Ag 1 ratio between 1 and 400, smallest in cat dander. Immunoabsorption using anti‐cat dander, anti‐cat albumin and anti‐Cat Ag 1 indicated that the anti‐cat dander, anti‐cat albumin, and the anti‐Cat Ag 1 absorbed approximately 90%, 25%, and 56%, respectively, of the dander RAST activity, and 87%, 11%, and 45%, respectively, of the saliva RAST activity, confirming the major importance of Ag 1. It is concluded that cat allergenic extracts should contain only modest amounts of serum albumin and other serum‐derived antigens and that any relevant standardization must include quantification of at least

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb02682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Anti‐ENA antibody determination by ELISA technique may offer a valuable diagnostic help in the discrimination of patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) from those with other chronic inflammatory connective tissue diseases. Determination of this antibody was performed in a prospective designed investigation among 101 blood donors, 154 patients with various non‐rheumatic internal medical diseases, and 229 patients with chronic inflammatory connective tissue diseases, including five patients with MCTD. A positive titre of anti‐ENA antibody was found in approximately 10% of blood donors and patients with various internal medical disorders. A highly positive anti‐ribonucleoprotein (RNP) titre was found in the patients with MCTD, but was also observed in patients with other chronic inflammatory connective tissue diseases, giving a predictive value of 56 % for MCTD. We conclude that highly positive anti‐RNP antibody values do not automatically indicate the diagnosis MCTD. Other diagnostic possibilities should still be c

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb02683.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty‐three patients with type I allergic respiratory diseases received aqueous grass pollen immunotherapy in a prospective study designed to compare the clinical and biological effects of a semi‐rush hyposensitization (20 patients) with ordinary hyposensitization (23 patients). Before the start of the therapy (end of previous grass pollen season, tl) and before (t2) and after the next grass pollen season (t3), total serum IgE (tIgE), grass pollen‐specific IgE (GPsIgE), grass pollen‐specific IgG (GPsIgG) and complement factors C3 and C4 were determined. GPsIgE and GPsIgG levels increased significantly more during immunotherapy in patients receiving the semi‐rush scheme as compared with the ordinary scheme. There were no significant changes between the two schemes at any times for tIgE, C3 and C4. GPsIgG was already higher in allergic patients before the start of therapy as compared with non‐allergic patients and controls. Clinical improvement was the same in patients treated with the semi‐rush scheme as in the ordinary group. The number of side effects was not statistically different between the two groups. In neither group was there a correlation between the change in biological parameters and change in clinical symptoms. As the semi‐rush scheme gives the same results immunologically as well as clinically, it could be used in a number of patients since it reduces the time course of the initial therapy by

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb02684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

T‐cell subpopulations and their function were studied in asthmatic children with or without theophylline therapy. A decreased proportion and function of theophylline‐sensitive T‐suppressor cells was found in fresh peripheral blood of asthmatic children. Following peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) incubation in theophylline‐free medium, the proportion of theophylline‐sensitive T‐cells in asthmatic children treated with theophylline was elevated to normal values. However, their suppressive effect on control lymphocyte proliferation wa

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb02685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY