ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied the protein‐stabilizing properties of sucrose, in the extraction medium, on the composition and stability of ryegrass(Lolium perenne)pollen extracts. The effect of 0.5 M and 1 M sucrose was assessed in the presence and absence of 0.5% phenol, which is commonly used as a disinfectant in industrially prepared allergenic extracts. In the absence of phenol, sucrose improves the stability of extracts during storage, but it has little influence on the extraction process. In the presence of 0.5% phenol, however, both the quality of fresh extracts and the stability are greatly improved by 0.5 M and by 1 M sucrose, as shown by electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and RAST‐inhibition experiments. The protection afforded by sucrose against the degrading effect of phenol is particularly evident for the major allergen Lol p 1 and for a set of basic allergens. In this respect, sucrose has been found to be superior to glycerol, on an equimolar basis. One may envisage the use of 0.5 M sucrose in allergenic extracts for intradermal testing and immunother

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Experiments were done to clarify the mechanisms associated with releasability of histamine. First, washed leukocytes from 23 asthmatic patients sensitive to mite allergen were challenged with Der p 1, a major allergen isolated fromDermatophagoides pteronyssinus, or anti‐IgE. A significant correlation was observed between the ratio of Der p 1‐specific IgE liter to total IgE level (S/T) in the patient's plasma and either the reactivity (maximal percentage of histamine release; rs= 0.514,P= 0.016,n= 23) or the sensitivity (the minimum allergen concentration required to achieve 25% histamine release; rs= ‐0.790,P= 0.0002) to Der p 1. Additionally, the reactivity to Der p 1 was significantly correlated with that to anti‐IgE (rs= 0.690,P= 0.0012), indicating that an intrinsic cellular property may be one of the contributing factors in immunologic histamine release. In a second series of experiments, sinus mast cells were passively sensitized with immunoglobulins prepared from the patient's plasma. A statistically significant correlation was found between either the reactivity or the sensitivity to Der p 1 and S/T, thus indicating that S/T is an indicator of the releasability of histamine. When basophils or mast cells were passively sensitized with mouse IgE and subsequently stimulated with antimouse IgE, the reactivity to antihuman IgE was significantly correlated with that to antimouse IgE (rs= 0.966,P= 0.0023,n= 11). These observations suggest that an intrinsic cellular property regulates reactivity in immunologic histamine release. Taken together, our results suggest that an intrinsic cellular property, as well as specific IgE antibody levels on the cell surface, is an important factor in determining histamine release in response to IgE‐dependent a

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Little is known about referral patterns to the allergist for hay fever. In a system with open access to the specialist, we investigated the reasons for consulting an allergist in 126 patients who completed a questionnaire on their first visit. Both sexes were equally represented, the median age was 29 years, the duration of the disease and the duration of seasonal symptoms were 9 years and 10 weeks (median), respectively, and 54% of patients reported a history suggestive of asthma. The symptoms were highly variable; on average, 5.6 on a 10‐cm visual analog scale. Most of the patients (94%) had been treated for hay fever before. Only 30% were referred by another physician, the rest being self‐referred. The reasons for referral were investigated. The overall motivation to consult was related to symptom severity in 63% of the patients; 37% consulted for other reasons, including an expectation of greater “know‐how” on the part of the allergist concerning specific diagnosis, treatment, and advice or counseling. The stimulus triggering the consultation was clearly not related to symptoms or disease in 25% of the cases. We conclude from these data that many patients are clearly interested in benefiting from the professional skill of a fully trained

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twelve children with allergic rhinitis due to monosensitivity toDermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Dp) took part in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, crossover study to evaluate the effect of cetirizine, a second‐generation, nonsedating H1‐blocker‐type antihistamine, on sulfidoleukotriene releasability by blood leukocytes and to determine its correlation with clinical findings and nasal challenge scores. Sulfidoleukotriene release by blood leukocytes was determined by the cellular allergen stimulation test (CAST), which measures leukotriene (LT)C4, LTD4, and LTE4, all in one assay. Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly (P≤0.05) decreased daily symptom scores of nasal discharge, nasal itching, and sneezing, as well as the number of sneezings after nasal challenge with the antigen, without alleviating nasal obstruction (P≥0.05). It also suppressed both early (P≤0.05) and late skin reactions to intradermal tests. Although cetirizine did not influencein vitrosulfidoleukotriene production by blood leukocytes with buffer or anti‐IgE (P≥0.05), it substantially reduced the release of these mediators upon challenge with Dp antigen. Furthermore, there was a high correlation between the number of sneezes after challenge and the amount of sulfidoleukotriene released in nine patients (r=0.78;P≤0.01). It is concluded that the amount of sulfidoleukotrienes produced by blood leukocytesin vitromay reflect the nasal hyperreactivity of the patient, and that cetirizine, which is highly effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, owes part of its effect to inhibition of sulfidoleukotriene releasability by blood l

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have investigated the nasal response to substance P after pollen exposure in seasonal allergic rhinitic patients. Seven patients with strictly seasonal allergic rhinitis were studied during the pollen season, 24 h after nasal challenge with pollen. They received increasing doses of nebulized substance P (0 to 80 nmol) in each nostril. Responses were assessed by measurement of nasal airway resistance by posterior rhinomanometry and quantification of albumin, histamine, and inflammatory cells in the nasal lavage fluid. Nasal airway resistance increased in a dose‐dependent manner after substance P challenge. Protein and albumin in nasal lavage fluids increased after administration of substance P: from 2.6 ± 0.3 to 6.8 ± 1.1 mg for protein (P≤0.01) and from 0.2 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.6 mg for albumin (P≤0.02). Expressed as a percentage of total protein, albumin increased from 10.5 ± 3.6% to 39.9 ± 3.5% (P≤0.02), suggesting occurrence of plasma leakage. No histamine release was observed after challenge with substance P. Total cell counts significantly increased from 11.4 ± 2.4 to 41.8 ± 17.3 × 103cells/ml after substance P (P≤0.05). Eosinophils were already numerous before substance P challenge (2.1 ± 0.7 × 103cells/ml), and the number of eosinophils markedly increased in all patients after substance P (for the whole group, 25.8 ± 13.3 cells/ml,P≤0.05). In contrast, the number of neutrophils only slightly increased in five patients, and changes did not reach significance for the group as a whole. Our results show that substance P induces nasal obstruction and albumin extrusion in allergic rhinitic patients after repeated pollen exposure. These vascular phenomena are associated with recruitment of eosinophils. Since substance P is known to be released after nasal allergen challenge, our data suggest a role for substance P in the chronic eosinophilic inflammation of the nasal mucosa observed in sympto

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A number of investigations have indicated that cholinergic agonists release histamine from isolated mast cells and suggested that cholinergic stimulation releases histaminein vivo.The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the cutaneous wheal‐and‐flare reaction induced by methacholine challenge in human skin involves histamine release as measured by the skin microdialysis technique. Five hollow dialysis fibers were inserted intradermally in forearm skin in eight healthy subjects. Each fiber was perfused with Kreb's‐Ringer bicarbonate at a rate of 3 μl/min. Dialysates were collected in 2‐min fractions before skin challenge and for 20 min after intradermal injection of methacholine 10–‐3‐10‐1M, the vehicle, and a positive control, codeine phosphate 0.3 mg/ml. Histamine was assayed spectrofluorometrically. Methacholine caused a statistically significant dose‐related wheal‐and‐flare reaction, the flare reaction to methacholine 10‐1M being comparable with that seen with codeine 0.3 mg/ml. No significant histamine release was observed with methacholine, cumulative histamine release of 16 ± 8nM by methacholine 10‐1M being similar to vehicle responses of 15 ± 9 nM. Histamine release by codeine was 2524 ± 435 nM. In conclusion, methacholine‐induced wheal‐and‐flare reactions in human skin appeared not to involve his

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This case presentation describes a young woman who developed generalized urticaria after receiving the human anti‐RhD(D) preparation, WinRho, intravenously. Allergy skin tests and the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for IgE antibodies to the human anti‐D immunoglobulin preparation were positive. Further studies using high‐pressure liquid chromatography and protein A column chromatography implicated a nonimmunoglobulin low‐molecular‐weight contaminant. This case report illustrates an allergic reaction to a highly purified human immunoglobulin preparation, and demonstrates approaches to assessment of such a

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Primary systemic allergy to human insulin is rare. We report a case of recurrent immediate local reactions followed eventually by generalized urticaria to recombinant human insulin (Humulin) in an insulin‐dependent diabetic. Skin test to Humulin R was positive, and the patient was successfully desensitized using a modified rapid desensitization protocol. Two weeks later, he had another episode of generalized urticaria after Humulin R injection. His treatment was resumed at a lower dose, and within a week he was able to tolerate his usual regimen of insulin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a recurrence of systemic reaction after successful desensitizatio

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An atopic girl experienced an anaphylactic reaction after eating cookies containing pecan nuts. Investigations revealed that she had developed IgE antibodies exclusively specific against allergenic determinants present in aged or heated pecan nuts, but not in fresh pecans. These neoallergenic determinants were located on protein(s) with a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa. Neoallergens appearing during heating or storing of foods may be important in some anaphylactic reactions.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1995.tb02513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY