ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The inducing and enhancing effects of interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) on basophil histamine release in patients with respiratory allergy (n= 28) and in normal subjects (n= 22) were compared. Leukocyte suspensions. prepared by dextran sedimentation, were stimulated with anti‐IgE (1/5000),N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP, 1 μM), and IL‐3 (0.1–10 ngiml), and histamine concentration was measured by an automated fluorometric method. A trend toward highef histamine release after challenge with anti‐IgE, FMLP, and IL‐3 was found in atopic subjects. Preincubation of basophils with IL‐3 resulted in a dose‐dependent increase of anti‐IgE‐ and FMLP‐induced histamine release, with a more marked effect in nonatopic than in atopic subjects. Mean net enhancement of anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release by 10 ng/ml IL‐3 was 2.5±5% in atopic subjects and 29.6±4.2% in nonatopic subjects (P<0.001). The enhancement of FMLP‐induced histamine release by IL‐3 was 10.3 ± 3.9% in atopic patients and 29±2.4% in nonatopic subjects (P<0.01). In atopic subjects, a negative correlation was found between anti‐IgE‐ or FMLP‐induced histamine release and net enhancement by IL‐3 (r= ‐0.45,P<0.02; r=‐0.48, P<0.01, respectively). The results of this study indicate that in atopic subjects IgE‐mediated histamine release can scarcely be enhanced by a basophil response modifier such as IL‐3. It is conceivable that the frequent basophil stimulation in atopic patients

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Within an environmental health study, dermatologic examination of 1273 pre‐school‐age children (5–7 years old) was carried out in selected areas of East (n= 287) and West (n= 987) Germany in spring 1991. On the basis of comparable genetic background, the influence of a different exposure to air pollutants on the manifestation of atopic diseases was investigated. Halle an der Saale (East Germany) and Duisburg (North/South) as well as Essen (West Germany) were chosen as polluted study areas, whereas the countryside town of Borken (West Germany) served as a control region. Outdoor pollution with particles and SO2was significantly higher in Halle an der Saale. Of the total study group. 12.9% suffered from atopic eczema at the time of examination. The prevalence was highest in East Germany (17.5%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.39, confidence intervals [CI]0.77–2.52, compared to Borken). The reported frequencies of hay fever and asthma in the total study population were 2% and 1.3%, respectively, without significant differences between study sites. Some 34.7% of the children showed at least one positive skin prick test reaction; significantly (P<0.001) higher sensitization rates were obtained in western regions (Essen, Duisburg‐South) than in the control region (Borken) and East Germany. Multivariate analysis of the prevalence of atopic eczema showed associations with parental predisposition (OR 1.52, CI 1.03–2.25), sex (for boys, OR 0.63, CI 0.43–0.92), location (Duisburg‐South vs Borken OR 0.52, CI 0.30–0.96). month of investigation (May vs April, and March vs February OR 0.55, CI 0.37–0.81), contact with rabbits (for girls, OR 2.90, CI 1.36–6.19), animal fur in bedrooms (2.17, 1.01–4.67), indoor use of gas without hood (1.68, 1.11–2.56), and distance of homes from a busy road (<50 m 1.71, 1.07–2.73). Nonsignificant associations were observed for history of helminthic infections (OR 1.61, CI 0.98–2.64) and high parental education level (OR 1.83, CI 0.83–4.02). In East and West Germany, atopic eczema seems to follow a course different from that of respiratory allergic diseases and specific sensitization, a fact which underlines the nee

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

By immunoblot techniques, detailed antibody studies were performed with sera of 20 honeybee‐venom‐allergic patients during or at the end of specific immunotherapy (median duration: 3 years) and before honeybee sting challenge. Before immunotherapy, all patients had experienced systemic allergic reactions to a honeybee sting, with a mean severity of 3.5 ± 0.5 according to the Muller classification. After the sting challenge, 10 patients (reactors) reacted again with a systemic allergic reaction, whereas 10 patients (nonreactors) did not. No differences were observed between reactors and nonreactors in total serum IgE and specific IgE to honeybee venom at the time of challenge. For immunoblot, honeybee venom (RELESS) was separated on 7.5–20% SDS‐PAGE. For detection of specific IgE, IgG, IgG1, IgG4, and IgM, an alkaline phosphatase‐linked second antibody was used. Both groups showed 11 antibody‐binding bands: at 52, 46, 40, 31, 18.7. 16.9, 13, 11, 10, 9, and 8 kDa; however, the antibody‐binding pattern was individual. The reactors differed from nonreactors in showing intense IgE and less IgG4 binding to at least one single component of the venom extract. For nonreactors, the inverse relationship was observed. The hypothesis, “intensity of IgE ≥ IgG4 leads to allergic symptoms”, was highly significant (P =0.00026; chi‐square). These immunoblot findings could offer predictive value in distinguishing rea

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was carried out to determine whether serum cosinophil cationic protein (ECP) represents a sensitive marker for disease activity in atopic asthmatic patients during the pollen season. The study. in double‐blind fashion, was performed between February and June 1994. Two groups of 10 seasonal asthmatic patients randomly received two different treatments. The first group was treated with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) 500 kg bid; the second received a matched placebo (P). At the beginning and every month, blood samples for determination of ECP and eosinophil count were collected and lung function (FEV1) and methacholine responsiveness (PD20) were performed. Subjects recorded daily symptoms of asthma, salbutamol consumption, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) values. In the P group, all indices, except FEV1, showed significant changes during the pollen season (P<0.001). In the BDP group, significant changes were detected for symptom score (P<0.01). salbutamol consumption (P<0.01), and eosinophil number (P<0.05). Between the two groups, significant differences for symptom score (P<0.001), salbutamol consumption (P<0.001), ECP levels (P<0.05), eosinophil count (P<0.02), PD20methacholine (P<0.02), and PEF values (P<0.01) were detected. Changes in serum ECP significantly correlated with changes in other parameters (P<0.001), except FEV1. Our results provide evidence that serum ECP is a sensitive marker for monitoring of the disease activity in seasonal asthma. Furthermore, it may offer a useful tool for estimating treatment efficac

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is a low‐molecular‐weight compound which causes occupational allergy. Brown Norway rats were sensitized to TMA injected intradermally (0.3% TMA suspended in oil). Three weeks later, we examined responses to either free TMA injected intradermally, or TMA conjugated to rat serum albumin (TMA‐RSA) given by inhalation (0.5%, nebulized for 15 min). Twenty‐one days after the sensitization, Evans blue dye was given i.v. (20 mg/kg), and extravasation of dye in skin was measured 30 min after oil or TMA injections (0.03–10% in oil). In a separate series of experiments, we evaluated the accumulation of eosinophils in the skin after single and repeated injections of TMA (0.03–0.3%). The injection sites were removed and fixed in formalin 18–24 h after the last injection. In a third series of experiments, we evaluated the effects of airway exposure to TMA‐RSA (0.5% in 0.9% saline) on the accumulation of eosinophils in the bronchial wall counted with quantitative light microscopy. Intradermal injections of free TMA caused a dose‐dependent increase of Evans blue dye extravasation which was significantly higher in sensitized animals than in controls. Skin histology revealed a significant and dose‐dependent increase in eosinophils after repeated TMA injections in sensitized animals. Exposure to aerosolized TMA‐RSA caused a significant increase of eosinophils in the bronchial wall of sensitized rats compared with nonsensitized rats. Sensitized animals showed significantly higher levels of specific IgG and IgE. We conclude that brown Norway rats can be used as a model of TMA‐induced allergic inflammation, mimick

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is suggested that eosinophils (Eos) play an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma by releasing cytotoxic cationic eosinophil granule proteins and damaging bronchial epithelial cells. However, the exact nature of the actual inducer of eosinophil degranulationin vivois unclear. We examined eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) release from human Eos in response to soluble agonists such as C5a, C3a, platelet‐activating factor, and FMLP with or without interleukin (IL)‐3 or IL‐5 priming. Eosinophil degranulation induced by these soluble agonists required the pretreatment of Eos by cytochalasin B even in IL‐3 priming. Among four agonists, C5a was the most effective stimulus of ECP release either with or without IL‐5 priming. IL‐3 and IL‐5 remarkably enhanced ECP release in Eos triggered by C3a and C5a. The enhancement of ECP release by IL‐3 and IL‐5 occurred at 0.1–0.3 ng/ml and became maximal at 10–30 ng/ml, concentration‐dependently. The enhancement of ECP release by cytokines became optimal at an interval of 10 min. Our data support the importance of complement components and cytokines in eosinoph

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray (Nasonex®) was compared with beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) aqueous nasal spray in a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐dummy, parallel‐group study of adults with moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis. Patients allergic to at least one tree and/or grass aeroallergen received one of the following regimens for up to 4 weeks: mometasone furoate 100 pg once daily [OD] (n =126) or 200 μg OD (n= 126), BDP 200 μg twice daily (n =126), or only placebo spray (n= 123). Physician‐rated nasal and total symptom scores. and global evaluation of overall condition and therapeutic response by physicians and patients, showed that the three active treatments were equally effective, and all three were significantly superior to placebo at most time points. Overall, mometasone furoate 200 μg OD demonstrated somewhat greater numerical, but not statistical, superiority to mometasone furoate 100 μg OD at the earliest evaluation time poinl. At the end of treatment, complete or marked relief was obtained in 77% of patients with mometasone furoate 100 pg/day, 79% with mometasone furoate 200 pg/day, and 74% with BDP, compared with 54% of placebo vehicle control patients. Mometasone furoate and BDP were equally well tolerated. It was concluded that mometasone furoate adequately controls symptoms of moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis, offers the advantage of OD treatment, and is

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We measured tryptase, a neutral prolease stored in the secretory granules of mast cells, by solid‐phase radioimmunoassay in tears of 12 subjects with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) during remission phases, nine subjects with seasonal or perennial allergic conjunctivitis, and eight healthy controls. Mean values of tear tryptase levels were significantly (P<0.02) increased in VKC patients (14.5 ± 13 pg/l) when compared to those measured in patients with seasonal or perennial allergic con, junctivitis (0.6 ± 0.1 pgA) and in controls (3.3 ± 3.2 μg/l). In subjects with allergic conjunctivitis, the levels of tryptase, almost undetectable before allergen conjunctival challenge, showed a significant increase in the challenged eye 20 min ‐ but not 6 h ‐ after provocation in 5/9 cases. Our results indicate that VKC, a severe ocular disease characterized by an increased number and abnormal distribution of mast cells in the conjunctiva, also shows elevated levels of tryptase in tears even during remission phases. Evidence of mast‐cell activation, as revealed by a significant increase of tryptase levels in tears, is documented during the early‐phase reaction, but not during the late‐phase reaction, of allergic conjunctivitis patients challenged topically by sp

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous studies have established that cockroach allergens are important sensitizing agents in the induction of rhinitis and asthma principally in urban areas. This study was undertaken to assess skin test reactivity and specific IgE antibody reactivity to extracts ofPeriplaneta americana(Pa.), Blattella germanica(B.g.), B. orientalis(B.o.), and a fecal extract ofB. germanica(FEB.g.) in a group of patients with rhinitis and asthma living in an urban area in Europe. We examined clinical characteristics and aeroallergen sensitivities of 171 consecutive Madrid urban patients with rhinitis and asthma who met the criteria for the study. A comprehensive clinical evaluation was followed by skin prick test with common allergens and saline extracts ofP.a., B.g., B.o., and FEB.g. and measurement of serum specific IgE antibody to cockroach extracts. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 68 years (mean 20.4 ± 16). A total of 153 (90.5%) subjects were atopic and 19 (10%) were considered nonallergic. Pollen sensitivity (66.5%) was most prevalent, distantly followed by sensitivity to cockroach (25.7%), mite (20%), cat (15.5%),Alternaria alternata(14.5%), dog (14%), and food (2%). Skin test reactivity to cockroach extracts was 37 (21.6%) toB.o., 20 (11.6%) toPa., 19 (11.1%) toB.g. and five (2.9%) to FEB.g. Twenty‐one of these patients had rhinitis, 19 rhinitis and asthma, and one only asthma; 26 had perennial symptoms, while 16 had seasonal (spring) symptoms; three (1.7%) patients had only positive prick test to cockroach; all had perennial rhinitis and/or asthma. Eighteen (10.5%) patients had specific serum IgE (RAST 1 or 2) toB.o., 13 (7.6%) toPa., and six (3.5%) toB.g. Eighty (46.7%) patients had visual evidence of cockroach infestation in their home, mostlyB.o.;31 had positive prick test to cockroach (P<0.0003). The results indicate that sensitivity to outdoor allergens (pollen) is more prevalent than to indoor allergens. Cockroach sensitization is the most important indoor allergen in our area, andB.o. accounts for most cockroach sensitizati

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY