ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hypersensitivity reactions to reindeer epithelial (RE) allergens have been recently demonstrated among reindeer herders. To determine the concentration of airborne RE antigens a method based on inhibition of the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. Dust samples were collected in workshops were reindeer leather was processed and the workers had inhaled dry epithelial dust during their working shifts. Specific IgE to RE allergen could be detected in one of 5 workers. RE antigen concentrations varied from 0.01 μg to 3.9 μg/m3in the air of the workshop. All workers except one claimed work‐associated respiratory sym

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00651.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a previously published prospective study, we followed the development of allergic symptoms in term infants with a slightly reduced birthweight (− 1 SD to − 2 SD). These children received, according to local routing early feeding with cow milk formula in order to diminish such neonatal problems as hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Of 216 infants 207 were observed for allergic symptoms up to 18 months of age. One group (F) received cow milk formula during the first days of life before the mother's breastmilk production started and was then breastfed; the other (B) was not given any formula before normal breastfeeding started. Unexpectedly, we found fewer allergic symptoms, in particular allergic skin problems, in the group fed cow milk, the difference being concentrated to children with a family fistory of allergic symptoms. At 5 Years of age 183 of the 207 children have been reinvestigated. Mild symptoms of allergy (suspected and obvious) were found in 22% (F) and 27% (B) respectively(NS). Moderate and severe symptoms of allergy (obvious) were found in 4.2% (F) and 4.5% (B). In the subgroup with a double family history of allergic symptoms, 28% (7/25, F) and 59% (10/17, B) had symptoms of allergy (p<0.05). This difference was even more pronounced when laboratory tests in favour of atopic diagnosis were included, 1.4% (F) and 53%(B) respectively (p<0.05). Thus at 5 years we still find a significantly lower frequency of allergic symptoms in the subgroup fed cow milk formula early with a family history of allergic symptoms. This difference was mainly caused by a reduced incidence of mild symptoms, some of which might not be true allergic symptoms. The incidence of moderate to severe disease was not affected, which can possibly be due to the relatively small number of children, expecially in the high risk group. Thus feeding with a high allergenic load during the first days of life seems, in the long run, to be ineffective in inhibiting the development ofSignificant(moderate and severe) atopic dise

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Determination of specific IgE by RAST is a well‐established method in the diagnosis of immediate allergic reactions. In this study, we have compared the RAST with the ImmunoCAP, a novel test system which is based on a new type of solid phase. A total of 123 sera from 111 insect venom‐allergic patients (74% female) were investigated. All patients had their diagnosis confirmed on the basis of their history and skin tests with insect venom. The patients’ age showed a mean ± S of 44.2 ± 14.6 years. The total serum IgE levels ranged from 4‐1712 kU/1, with a median of 108 kU/1. The results of specific IgE, as determined by RAST and CAP, showed a significantly higher sensitivity, by almost one class, with the CAP compared with the RAST system. The quotient of specific IgE to total IgE, determined with the CAP system, could not be shown to be an expression of sensitization, compared with the severity of sting reactions (Müller classification (16)). A conversion factor for vespid venom RAST to CAP was calculated from the present data by subtracting the RAST from the CAP values. The mean delta value ± SD was found to be 0.9 ± 0.65, with a range from −0.8 to 2.7 and a median of 0.9. The data clearly show the differences between RAST and CAP‐RAST classes, indicating that the CAP‐system has a higher sensitivity and that patients with a low level sensitization are missed

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Prospectively, serum levels of IgE, specific IgE antibodies (AB) to whole cow milk protein (CMP), bovine se‐albumin, bovine immunoglobulin, bovine lactoferrin, bovine lactalbumin and beta‐lactoglobulin (BLG), IgG and IgG subclass antibodies to ovalbumin (OA) and BLG, and IgG4RAST to CMP (bovine whey) were measured in 39 infants with cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) at birth (cord blood), at time of diagnosis and before and after milk challenge at the age of 12 months. Immunological measurements were also undertaken in 33 control infants without CMPA at birth, at 6 months and at 18 months. At no time, were differences found between the levels of IgG and IgG subclass AB to OA and BLG in control versus infants with CMPA. In the 39 infants with CMPA no correlation was found between the levels of IgE, IgG and IgG subclass AB in cord blood and subsequent levels of these values, irrespective of the type of CMPA (IgE‐mediated (CMA) or non‐IgE‐mediated (CMI)), and irrespective of whether remission had occurred. In cord blood 25/33 (76%) of the infants with CMPA had specific IgE‐AB to one or more of the bovine milk proteins indicating a prenatal intrauterine sensitization to cow milk protein. At 6 months the frequency of specific IgE‐AB to bovine milk proteins was significantly (p<0.05) higher in infants with CMA versus CMI, and at 12 months total serum‐IgE and the increase of these specific IGE‐AB and RAST to CMP were significantly higher (p<0.05) in infants with persistent CMA. From 6 to 12 months withholding milk resulted in a significant fall in specific IgE‐AB to CMP, and IgG, IgG, and IgG4anti‐BLG followed by an increase after milk challenge. Decreasing levels of IgG anti‐OA from birth to 6 months reflect passive maternal transfer of IgG through the placenta, and increasing levels of IgG anti‐BLG, already from birth to 6 months, may represent an early exposure to CMP in all infants. Significantly higher levels (p<0.05) of IgG anti‐OA AB, IgG, and IgG4anti‐BLG AB were found in infants with persistent CMA, indicating a close relation between the synthesis of IgE and IgG and between IgE and IgG subclasses (IgG, and IgG4) in symptomatic cow milk‐allergic individuals. Determination of IgG AB and IgG subclass AB (IgG, and IgG4) to BLG and bovine whey in cord blood appears unable to discern infants at high risk of development of CMPA. However, infants with persistent CMPA have an increased antibody response of specific IgE and IgG subclasses

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of levocabastine, a new fast‐acting, highly potent H1‐antagonist, on nasal ciliary epithelial function were investigated in anin vitroandin vivostudy. In thein vitrostudy, a suspension of levocabastine in Locke‐Ringer solution was applied to 10 bioptic specimens of ciliated human adenoid tissue. Each specimen was exposed to the test solution for 60 min. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was recorded with a photoelectric recording device at 10‐min intervals. There were small, insignificant decreases in CBF, which were minimal compared to that observed with ciliotoxic agents. In thein vivostudy, 8 healthy volunteers were given, intranasally, one droplet of the levocabastine suspension. Mucociliary transit time (MTT) was measured by placing a saccharin particle drenched in indigo carmine in the nose just below the top of the concha and measuring the time until appearance of the dye in the pharyngeal cavity. No statistically significant differences were found in the MTT before and after application of the levocabastine suspension. The studies thus indicate that nasally administered levocabastine does not interfere with ciliary beat frequency and mucociliary f

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A single conjunctival application of ovalbumin to inbred guinea pigs (IMM/S 209) immunized with the same antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant provoked an acute purulent inflammation of the anterior segment of the eyes with a duration of up to 1 week. Intense conjunctival injection and chemosis were followed by a purulent discharge. A corneal haze was observed regularly, and a considerable proportion of the animals developed a pronounced pannus and corneal ulcers. Tear fluid cytology revealed a rapid increase in cell concentration, from the normal level (1011/1.Seventy to 95% of the cells were polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Histological examination revealed an acute inflammatory reaction which radiated from the conjunctival fornices to the entire anterior segments of the eyes. The process was characterized by an intense oedema, vasodilation and perivascular aggregations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and to a lesser extent eosinophilic granulocytes which characteristically infiltrated and penetrated the epithelial layers. Ncovascularization could be observed early after challenge in the stroma of all parts of the outer eye. Ulcerations of the conjunctival and corneal epithelia were observed frequently. After a number of reiterations of the antigenic challenge, a marked infiltration with lymphocytes and basophils/mast cells was observed, and significant scarring of the conjunctival mucosa developed. In several animals, a slight, but significant co‐reaction of the contra‐lateral, non‐challenged eye was obs

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of the prevalence atopic disorders among 15–16‐year‐old teenagers was carried out in a coastal urban town in south‐western Finland. Altogether, 1712 children were found in that age group, all previously examined by a pediatrician. Each child who had present or previous allergic diseases was invited for a detailed study, a total of 434 (25%) pupils. Of these patients 416 (95.8%) participated in clinical examination and skin testing. The prevalence of atopic diseases was 21% in the studied group; atopic eczema was found in 9.7%, allergic rhinitis in 14%, and asthma in 2.5%. Of subjects who had rhinitis, 38% also had atopic eczema, while rhinitis ‐ as the only symptom ‐was found in 8.8%. Figures obtained from this survey suggest that the prevalence rates of atopic diseases are about the same as found 10 years age in Finland and they correspond also with other rec

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐four asthmatics allergic to cat and/or dog dander were included in a study to examine the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy (IT) with partially purified, standardized extracts of cat or dog dander. In the first placebo controlled, double‐blind part of the study, 10 patients were treated with extracts of both eat and dog, 12 with cat extracts and 2 with dog extracts. Fifteen patients received active IT and 9 placebo injections. Patients treated with both extracts received active extracts only, or placebo only. Bronchial allergen challenge after 5 months demonstrated a significant fall in sensitivity to eat (P = 0.04) in patients treated with cat extracts. No significant changes were found in sensitivity to dog after treatment with dog dander extract or in the placebo groups. During this period, bronchial sensitivity to histamine did not change significantly in any of the groups. To examine the effect of more prolonged IT, 19 patients allergic to cat (17) and/or dog (9) were treated for 12 months. Bronchial sensitivity to cat decreased further (P = 0.003), while no significant change was found in dog extract‐treated patients. In cat extract‐treated patients a significant decrease in bronchial histamine sensitivity developed (P = 0.02). Systemic side effects were few, but in some eases, local side effects were a dose‐limiting factor. This study demonstrated that IT with cat extract may benefit cat‐allergic asthmatics, whereas no influence of IT with dog extract was detected in dog‐sensiti

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recently, much research has been carried out on phenotypes and the function of intraepithelial lymphocytes of the intestines. However, only few studies have been made of nasal intraepithelial lymphocytes (nIEL), and the results have been controversial. We examined the population of different subsets of the human nIEL by means of 2‐color flow cytometry after culturing lymphocytes isolated from the inferior turbinates of hypertrophic rhinitis in incubation media with monoclonal antibody against CD3. As a result, CD+8cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) and double negative T cells (CD−8CD−8T cells) were the most predominant. The CD+4cells (helper/inducer T cells) to CD+8cells ratio was 0.6. Cytotoxic T cells predominated over suppressor T cells in CD+8cells and helper T cells predominated over inducer T cells in CD+4cells. Double positive T cells (CD+8CD+4T cells) were nil and natural killer cells and CD+8killer cells few. CD+8cells and CD+4cells were activated during cell culture. αβ receptor bearing T cells predominated over γδ receptor bearing T cells in CD+8cells and CD+4cells but γδ receptor bearing T cells predominated over αβ receptor bearing T cells in double negative T cells. To investigate the effect of cell culture on the population of each phenotype of nIEL we also examined peripheral blood lymphocytes by flow cytometry before and after culture, and found that activated T cells markedly increased and suppressor T cells, γδ bearing T cells and natural killer cells slightly decreased. From the above results, it could be concluded that nIEL heterogeneous in phenotype and characterized by a predominance of CD+8cells, particularly cytotoxic T cells and double negative T cells with γδ receptor, which may be important

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY