摘要:

The parents of 3649 Finnish children and adolescents were interviewed in 1980 to evaluate the prevalence of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. The same group was interviewed 6 years later to determine the incidence of new cases of bronchial asthma in the 1980s. Age‐ and sex‐matched samples were taken from three areas, southern, eastern and northern Finland to allow assessment of possible regional differences in prevalences and incidences. The prevalences of atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma were 1.7%, 6.0% and 4.3%, respectively. These figures are similar to those found in previous studies in Scandinavia and Finland over 10 years ago. The prevalence of atopy was highest (6.4%) in southern Finland, which is the most urbanized area of our country. The prevalence of asthma was highest (3.3%) in northern Finland. This is still low when compared with the incidences in other European countries. The prevalences of asthma and atopy were lowest in eastern Finland which is the most agrarian area. The incidence of asthma was 1.5 cases/1000 individuals/year, but no regional differences were sh

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00564.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some parameters which might affect RAST results, i. e. incubation length, degree of ligand substitution, and total IgE levels, were examined in a RAST system employing diphenylmethane diisocyanate – human serum albumin (MDI‐HSA) conjugates as antigens, both in exposed symptomatic and in non‐exposed subjects. The reaction equilibrium was reached after 9 and 18 h, respectively, in the first and the second step of the test. A marked correlation with the degree of ligand substitution was observed, the highest sensitivity being achieved with the lowest (2.9) MDI/HSA molar ratio examined. Higher (up to 50) degrees of substitution resulted in progressively lower levels of radioactivity bound and in a loss of specificity, as confirmed by RAST inhibition experiments. At high levels of ligand substitution, high titers of total serum IgE affected RAST re

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00565.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Blood was drawn from healthy human volunteers and a 30‐year‐old woman with severe bronchial asthma (atopic and perennial type), whose peripheral blood platelets counts were continuously higher than 60 × 104/mm1. Neutrophils were purified on a Conray‐Ficoll gradient and platelets were isolated by a gel filtration method with Sepharose 2B. Superoxide anion (02−) generation from the cells was measured by 2‐methyl‐6‐[p‐methoxyphenyl]‐3,7‐dihydroimidazo [1,2‐a]purazin‐3–one (MCLA)‐dependent luminescence. Addition of 0.5 μM MCLA and 10−8M N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP) or 10 ng/ml phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to a suspension of platelets obtained from the healthy controls and the patient caused no significant MCLA‐dependent luminescence. Of generation by neutrophils from healthy human volunteers, activated by 10−8M fMLP or 10 ng/ml PMA, was inhibited by their platelets in a concentration‐dependent manner. Platelets from the patient failed to inhibit 02−generation from neutrophils activated by 10−8M fMLP. Cu‐Zn superoxide dismutase concentrations in platelets from healthy human volunteers were not higher than the patient's. These data suggest that the absence of inhibition of superoxide generation from activated neutrophils by platelets might

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00566.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With 200 sera from children, results of the Phadiatop Paediatric test were compared with results of the combination “Phadiatop + mixed‐food‐RAST”. The Phadiatop Paediatric test was found to be efficient for IgE antibody screening in young children, when the results of this test were not solely given as “positive” or “negative”, but also as “sample/reference – ratio”. Clinical documentation could be obtained retrospectively for 171 children and revealed that 99% of the children with atopic disease were found positive in the Phadiatop Paediatric. 17% of the children who were considered non‐atopic on clinical grounds, were positive both in the Phadiatop Paediatric and in the combination “Phadiatop + mixed‐food‐RAST”. It is concluded that an atopic immune response is not always a

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00567.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 44‐year‐old goldsmith suffered from rhinitis and conjunctivitis after having worked with wood dust fromEuonymus europaeus (E.e.)for 15 years. The material was used for drying pieces of jewellery. Very strong reactions could be seen after friction test, scratch test and nasal challenge using wood dust ofE.e.RAST‐class 3 could be measured with the serum of this patient usingE.e.wood andArtemisia vulgaris(A.u.pollen) allergen disks. RAST‐inhibition, westernblot (WB) and immunoprint (IP) indicated common allergens in extracts ofE.e.wood andA.v.pollen of different degree. In addition this study indicated that subjects suffering fromA.v.pollen allergy also show sensitization toE.e.wood since in 22 of 37A.v.pollen allergiesA.v.(RAST class 2‐4) IgE‐antibodies could be seen. The present case probably demonstrates for the first time an IgE‐mediated type I aller

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00568.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study was conducted to investigate whether introduction of histamine in enterosoluble capsules produced the same amount of urinary histamine metabolites as that found after application of histamine through a duodeno‐jejunal tube. Secondly, to examine whether a histamine‐restrictive or a fast diet affected the amount of urinary metabolites. Fifteen healthy subjects were challenged four times with 100 nig of histamine. Results were monitored by the urinary recovery of 1,4‐methylimidazole acetic acid (MIAA) from 24 h before to 72 h after challenge. Urine was collected in 24 h samples except on the first day after challenge when separation into 0–2 h‐, 2–4 h‐ and 4–24 h‐fractions was made. MIAA was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that during the first 2 h after challenge the recovery of MIAA was higher with tubes than with capsules. Measurements from all other intervals did not differ significantly between the two challenge regimens. Fast (water only) and histamine‐restrictive diet versus non‐restrictive diet did not affect the urinary MIAA. MIAA was significantly higher overall during the first 24 h after challenge than in any other fraction. We conclude that oral administration of enterosoluble capsules is an easy and appropriate method for intestinal histamine challenge. Fast and histamine‐restrictive diets are not necessary, but subjects should record unexpected responses in a

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00569.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To evaluate the safe use of aztreonam (AZT) in patients allergic to penicillins and other betalactam antibiotics we studied 29 patients from a group of subjects allergic to betalactams, diagnosed by presenting systemic reactions after skin tests or challenge tests. Skin tests with benzylpenicilloyl (BPO), benzylpenicilloate, benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephamandole and AZT, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) to BPO and AZT, RAST inhibition and challenge tests were performed. One patient was skin test‐positive to AZT, another patient was RAST AZT‐positive. IgE antibodies were specific to AZT as demonstrated by RAST inhibition studies with AZT coupled to epsilon‐amino caproic acid. Nevertheless, AZT was unable to inhibit either a pool of sera or individual sera positive to BPO. Although all our 29 patients tolerated the administration of AZT (including those with skin test or RAST positive) and AZT appears to be safe in these subjects, this does not indicate that all betalactam‐allergic patients tolerate AZT admini

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00570.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bricanyl® Turbuhaler® (0.5 mg terbutaline sulphate) and Ventolin® Rotahaler® (0.4 mg salbutamol) were compared in a randomized double‐blind placebo controlled study on exercise‐induced asthma in 19 children (14 boys) aged 7‐14 years. The study was carried out on 3 separate days. Asthmatic attacks were provoked by free range running. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured before and after exercise. If PEF decreased by>20 %, one inhalation from each of the inhalers was given under supervision of the investigator. Only one of the inhalers (none on the placebo day) delivered active drug. PEF was measured again 5 and 10 min after treatment. Already 5 min after treatment PEF had returned to baseline after active treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between the two active treatments. After placebo treatment, PEF did not return to baseline even at the 10 min post‐exercise measurement. Ten children needed extra medication after the last PEF measurement on the placebo day, whereas no child needed extra medication after any of the active treatments. No adverse events were reported in this study. In conclusion, Bricanyl Turbuhaler (0.5 mg) and Ventolin Rotahaler (0.4 mg) were equally efficacious in the treatment of exercise‐induced asthm

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00571.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Basophil leukocytes from 39 HIV‐infected patients with various degrees of immunodeficiency and disease progression were stimulated with an HIV antigen preparation. Cells from 19 of 22 patients with AIDS and all of six patients with milder degrees of HXV‐related disease showed significant histamine release. In contrast, cells from 11 asymptomatic HIV‐infected patients and 11 healthy control persons released no histamine. The histamine release induced by HIV antigen was found to be inversely correlated to the number of CD4 positive T lymphocytes. These results indicate that the histamine release was related to both the clinical stage of disease and the degree of immunodeficiency. Passive sensitization experiments showed that IgE, but not IgG, was reponsible for the induction of histamine release, indicating the reaction to be type 1 allergic. The histamine release caused by HIV might be involved in the development of disease because of the immunomodulating properties of this med

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Histamine challenge was performed in 19 patients using two nebulizers (PARI and Wright) and FEV1and PEF were measured to determine PCOT histamine. FEV1and PEF gave identical PC20 histamine values. The PARI nebulizer gave PC20histamine values that were 2.5 doubling concentrations lower than the Wright nebulizer. The reproducibility of histamine challenge with the PARI nebulizer1 was studied in 15 patients and the results suggested that the challenge was reproducible within one doubling concentration of histamine.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY