ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of inflammatory mediators on the expression of several surface adhesion molecules on the human mast‐cell line (HMC)‐1 was studied. By flow cytometry, it could be shown that among several surface adhesion molecules (ICAM‐UCDS4, VLA‐4/CD49d, Mac‐UCD11b, LFA‐1/CD11a, LFA‐2/CD2, LFA‐3/CDS8, VCAM‐1), only the constitutively expressed immunoglobulin family member intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) is modulated by proinflammatory cytokines on HMC‐1 mast cells. Stimulation with tumor necrosis factor‐a (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) resulted, in addition to interleukin‐(lL‐)4, in selective upregulation of ICAM‐1 expression. Costimulation of either IL‐4 or IFN‐γ with TNF‐α further increased the ICAM‐1 expression as compared to the stimuli alone. In contrast, stem‐cell factor (SCF), granulocyte/macrophage colonystimulating factor (GM‐CSF), IL‐10, IL‐8, monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), and the complement split product C5a failed to modulate the expression of any adhesion molecule examined. The levels of cytoplasmic free calcium in HMC‐1 mast cells were not altered by cross‐linking surface ICAM‐1, suggesting linkage of other intracellular signaling pathways. This cytokine‐induced upregulation of ICAM‐1 expression might reveal a putative regulatory mechanism of mast‐cell interaction with effector cells bearing the counterparts of ICAM‐1 (CD54), the molecules Mac‐1 (CD11b

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The capacity of terbutaline and the long‐acting β2‐agonist salmetcrol to suppress wheal‐and‐flare reactions (WFRs) to intradermal antihuman IgE and to histamine was evaluated in 36 healthy volunteers. We also exaniined effects of the two drugs on the subsequent late cutaneous reaction (LCR) to anti‐IgE. Salmeterol (10‐1010‐6M) and terbutaline (10‐1010‐5M), injected intradermally 2 or 15 min before anti‐IgE challenge, produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of the WFRs to anti‐IgE (liter 1:10000) with a maximal effect of ≅60% (wheal) and ≅≅75% (flare) by both drugs. On a molar basis, salmctcrol was approximately 10–100 times more potent than terbutaline in inhibiting the WFRs. Moreover, the wheal response to histamine (4 nmol) was antagonized by ≅40% after prctrcatment with either salmeterol (10‐5M) or terbutaline (10‐4M). We found that both salmeterol and terbutaline exhibited anti‐WFR activity for up to 24 h, salmeterol being significantly more potent in this regard. When selecting a 15‐min pretreatment interval with equieffective anti‐WFR doses from the first dose‐response experiments (i.e., a salmetcrol: terbutaline ratio of 1:10), the WFRs to high‐dose anti‐IgE (titer 1:100) were inhibited by terbutaline (10‐5M) by 25–30%, but not by salmeterol (10‐4). On the other hand. salmeterol attenuated (by up to ≅35%) the subsequent LCR more effectively than terbutaline. As compared to the prctrcatment procedure, infiltration of the drugs (single doses) into the wheals 30 min after challenge with anti‐IgE (titer 1:100) proved to be less effective on the development of LCRs. Taken together, salmeterol was found to express higher potency and have longer duration of action than terbutal

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Asthma‐related hospital admissions and the occurrence of new admissions were studied by age and sex in order to find the groups of asthmatics with high hospital admission rates. Data from the Finnish discharge register for 1972–92 were used to analyze the number of hospital admissions caused by asthma (defined in theInternational Clussification of Diseases, 8th and 9th revisions, code 493) and occurrence of new asthma admissions between 1983 and 1992. A total of 192195 asthma‐induced treatment periods were identified, 91 223 for males and 100972 for females. Boys were admitted twice as often as girls at the age of 1 year (11.2 in comparison with 5.9 admissions per 1000 per year), whereas the admission rate was consistently higher among women 25–55 years of age. The highest asthma admission rate among the elderly was at age 73 for men (10.3 per 1000) and 75 for women (9.5 per 1000). Occurrences of new asthma admissions were most frequent at the age of 1 year (5.3 per 1000 for boys and 2.9 per 1000 for girls) and remained constant among those aged 50–80 years. Asthma is not only a disease of childhood and adolescence. The number of middle‐aged and elderly asthmatics requiring hospitalization is ma

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have previously found that CD9, CD11b, and intracellular ECP (EG2) may be used as activity markers for eosinophilsin vitro. The main object of the present study was to determine whether these markers can reflect eosinophil activationin vivoin relation to allergen exposure. For this purpose, six patients with a history of allergic rhinitis and occasional asthma symptoms during the pollen season participated. Blood donors served as controls. Peripheral blood eosinophils were analyzed according to the FOG method and flow cytometry, before and during one birch pollen season with high pollen load (HPL) and one with low pollen load (LPL). The CD9 expression on peripheral eosinophils from the patients was significantly increased both before (P<0.05) and during (P<0.01) HPL season, and CD11b expression solely during HPL season (P = 0.01) as compared to controls. The intracellular expression of the EG2 epitope was increased before (P<0.01) and during (P<0.05) HPL season, and increased significantly (P<0.05) during season as compared to before. No changes were observed before and during LPL season. The proportion of eosinophils was increased both before (P<0.05) and during (P<0.001) the HPL season as compared to controls. The markers CD9, EG2, and, to a lesser extent, CD11b seem to detect activated eosinophils in the circulation, whereas EG2 may also reflect increased antigen exposure during season.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distribution and affinity of IgG subclasses against various aeroallergens were assessed by inhibition of specific antibody binding. Two parameters from the dose‐response curves were taken as indicative of antibody affinity: the point of 50% inhibition and the value of the slopes on double‐log plots. It was found that IgG4 antibody specific for aeroallergens (i.e., from pollens of several species of Gramineae,Olea europaea, andParietaria judaicaand from house dust) usually exhibits high affinity, except forDermatophagoides pteronyssinus. High binding affinity was also displayed by IgGl subclass antibodies against the allergens ofO. europaeaandP. judaica. Distinct IgG subclass affinity profiles were observed for the allergens of grass pollen (i.e.,Holcus lanatus) and dust mites (i.e.,D. pteronyssinus). These results demonstrate that IgG subclass distribution, as well as antibody affinity, depends on the nature of the sensitizing aller

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study aimed, first, to study the prevalence in The Netherlands of atopy caused by apple, peach, and hazelnut in patients with tree pollinosis, and, second, to compare three extraction procedures for skin prick testing with two different apple strains. Skin prick tests and RAST were performed on 79 consecutive patients with tree pollinosis, visiting the department of allergology during spring 1995. In skin prick tests, we used three different extracts (juice, freeze‐dried extract, and low‐temperature acetone powder extract) of two apple strains, Golden Delicious and Granny Smith. Case histories for apple, peach, and hazelnut were positive in 35 (44.3%), 23 (29%), and 35 (44.3%) patients, respectively. More than two‐thirds of the patients had symptoms characteristic of oral allergy syndrome. Skin prick tests for apple, peach, and hazelnut were positive in 51 (64.6%), 61 (77.2%), and 71 (89.9%) patients, respectively. Granny Smith showed more positive skin reactions and a better agreement with clinical history than Golden Delicious, and juice was superior to the two other extraction procedures for both apple strains. RAST for apple, peach, and hazelnut was positive in 53 (68.8%), 13 (16.9%), and 31 (40.3%) patients, respectively. Concordance between skin prick test and case history was found in 77%, 52%, and 54%, for apple, peach, and hazelnut, respectively. We found a high percentage of concurrence of clinical allergy to birch pollen and apple, peach, and hazelnut, confirmed by both skin prick testing and RAST. Approximately half of these patients had symptoms (especially oral allergy syndrome) after eating these products. We also found an easy extraction procedure (juice extract) suitable for apple skin prick testing, superior even to freeze‐dried extraction or the low‐temperature acetone powder

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We investigated the relationship between residence in the neighbourhood of an aluminium smelter and the prevalence of atopy in schoolchildren (7–13 years of age). Atopy was assessed in 556 of the 620 participants by a skin prick test with eight common aeroallergens. The median exposures to sulphur dioxide and fluoride during the pollen season in the age interval 19–36 months were 24 and 3.1 μg/m3in the spring and 20 and 3.3 μg/m3in the summer, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of having atopy was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.2–3.3) in those children who had lived in the index area for 7 years or more compared with those who had lived there less than 7 years (cumulative effect). The OR of atopy was 2.5 (1.44.4) in those who had lived in the index area during the age interval of 19–36 months compared with rural residence during this age‐interval (age‐specific effect). When the age‐specific effect and the cumulative effect were compared in the same logistic model, the former decreased to 1.1 (0.43.0), whereas the latter was 2.2 (0.7–6.6). The results indicate that exposure to these low levels of irritants during early childhood increases allergen sensitiz

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To determine the efficacy of oral corticosteroids, antihistamines, and sympathomimetics in treating patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis, the charts of 225 patients diagnosed with idiopathic anaphylaxis from 1971 to 1990 treated at a single center were reviewed. Sixty‐one patients (34 females and 27 males) were available for long‐term follow‐up. Ages ranged from 10 to 68 years with an average of 39 years. Patients with frequent episodes were treated with a protocol of oral corticosteroids, antihistamines, and sympathomimetics. Patients with infrequent episodes were treated for acute episodes only. The number of emergency room visits, hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and length of time in remission were recorded. Sixty‐five percent of patients with infrequent episodes and 91% of patients with frequent episodes of idiopathic anaphylaxis went into remission. Significant decreases in emergency room visits occurred for the idiopathic anaphylaxis‐generalized‐frequent group (P<0.016). the idiopathic‐anaphylaxis‐generalized‐infrequent group (P<0.0001), and the idiopathic anaphylaxis‐angioedema‐infrequent group (P<0.039). Significant decreases in the number of hospitalizations (P<0.022) and intensive care unit admissions (P<0.009) occurred for the idiopathic anaphylaxis‐generalized‐infrequent and frequent groups, respectively. Overall, an estimated 184740 was saved with the treatment program, for 546 patient‐years. Idiopathic anaphylaxis can be controlled and remission induced in most patients. An estimated 11 million per year can be saved for patients in the USA on the basis of the estimated

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb02117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY