摘要:

The major allergen of codfish (Allergen M) is a muscle protein belonging to the family of calcium binding parvalbumins. The primary structure of the molecule was established and the molecular weight was estimated from the sequence data to be 12,328. Allergen M consists of 113 amino acid residues and one residue of glucose. A molecular arrangement of three domains (AB, CD and EF—the latter two bind one Ca2+ion each) was described for Allergen M, analogous to carp parvalbumin pI 4.25. The suggested strucutre was based on the extensive intramolecular amino acid homologies and the immunochemical cross‐reactivities of the intact molecule and the two major isolated fragments.The immunological structure of Allergen M was studied by: 1. Modification of certain amino acids residues and study of the reactivity of the modified derivatives. 2. Examination of the immunochemical reactivity of a large number of overlapping peptides obtained by limited and selective tryptic hydrolyses. 3. Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) of segments selected in regard to the reactivity of pre‐examined native peptides.The immunological reactivity of the derivatives of Allertgen M was assigned by: I, Rocket line immunoelectrophoresis and quantitative precipitation using rabbit anti‐Allergen M in precipitating antibody‐mediated reactions and, 2. RAST/RAST‐inhibition and PK test/PK‐test inhibition using sera from individuals allergic to codfish in IgE‐mediated reactions.The modification of Tyr‐30 and Arg‐75 in isolated and purified peptides indicated that the former was part of a reactive site whereas the latter did not contribute to the activity. Masking of Arg‐residue or unchelating the two calcium ions from the native Allergen M, with the resulting perturbation of the tertiary structure, decreased the allergenicity by approximately 25%.Two major fragments of Allergen M were produced and purified; TM1 (residues 1–75) comprising domains AB and CD, and TM2 (residues 76–113) covering domain EF. Both were immunologically reactive; TM1 showing intermediate reactivity between Allergen M and TM2. A high degree of immunological cross reactivity was evident between TM1 and TM2. The finding was in concert with the high intramolecular amino acid homologies of Allergen M, and suggested that the reactive sites were repetitively distributed along the polypeptide chain.The immunological reactivity of several long‐sequence overlapping peptides obtained by limited and selective trypsin hydrolysis of Allergen M was studied. The immunologically reactive sites were accordingly assigned to the following regions of the chain: 1. Residues 33–44 on the junction between the AB and CD domains. 2. Residues 65–74 on the corresponding junction between the CD and EF domains. 3. Residues 88–96 on the calcium binding loop of the EF domain.These results were cross‐examined by SPPS of these segments. A synthetic peptide with the sequence 49–64 of Allergen M, located in the calcium binding loop of the CD domain confirmed the immunological reactivity of this region. Peptide 49–64 incorporates two homologous tetrapeptides (Asp‐Glu‐Asp‐Lys and Asp‐Glu‐Leu‐Lys) interspaced by six amino acid residues. Changing the residues of the spacer arm had no influence on the reactivities. The conclusion was that the tetrapeptides attached at a distance of six amino‐acids spacer‐arm formed a binding locus for Ig‐molecule. The same tetrapeptides are repeated in the sequence 51–64. A synthetic peptide of this sequence was also immuno‐logically reactive. An octapeptide comprising one single tetrapeptide lacked the immunochemical reactivity.Similarly, solid phase synthesis of peptide 88–103 of the calcium binding loop of the EF‐domain rendered an immunochemically reactive peptide. A high degree of homology between this peptide and the peptide 51–64 is evident although the former is devoid of the characteristic tetrapeptide.The synthesis of the N‐terminal domain peptide 13–32 (AB‐domain) was accomplished. The synthetic peptide was found to bind IgE antibodies from cod‐allergic individuals' sera in direct PK‐test. At identical concentration, a ratio of 1:6 forin vitroreactivity of the peptide relative to that of intact Allergen M was obtained. The peptide could also react with rabbit anti‐Allergen M antibodies in rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The ability of the peptide to give positive direct PK‐reaction and a rocket precipitate in immunoelectrophoresis preclude the achievement of a haptenic determinant.The synthetic peptides of Allergen M are curren

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb02353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The “vasoconstrictor” effect of dermally applicated steroids is a widely used parameter when determining the potency of glucocorticoids. A similar effect on the nasal mucosa has been suggested as providing an explanation for the clinical effect of topically administered glucocorticoids in the treatment of nasal disorders such as allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. The recently described133Xe wash‐out method was used for the purpose of blood flow determination in 11 healthy subjects. In a randomized double blind cross over study, the effect of topically administered budesonide, a non halogenated glucocorticoid, for 1 week was compared with that of placebo. No diference was found to occur in the mucosal blood flow after the administration of budesonide, as compared with placebo. It seems likely that a more complex activity than vasoconstriction is responsible for the clinical effect in the treatment of nasal disorders, and further research is required in order to clarify this

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb02354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

42 patients with confirmed hypersensitivity to honey bee (HBV) and/or yellow jacket (YJV) were treated with the respective venoms (7 with HBV, 5 with YjV and 30 with both venoms). Treatment tolerance, skin tests (ST), specific IgE‐ and specific IgG‐antibodies were monitored before, after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. 21 patients had ash and 21 a conventional treatment schedule. Maintenance dose was 100 μg. Adverse effects occurred as large local (8 patients), slight systemic (12 patients) and moderate to severe systemic reactions (4 patients). Of 24 re‐exposed patients 17 had no reaction at all, six a markedly decreased and one an unchanged reaction. After 3 years of treatment ST became negative in nine of 31 patients on HBV and in seven of 26 patients on YJV. RAST became negative in three of 30 patients on HBV and 17 of 29 patients on YJV treatment. Both ST and RAST became negative in five HBV‐ and 10 YJV‐treated patients. Loss of venom hypersensitivity according to diagnostic tests may correspond to actual desensitization and enable discontinuation of imm

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb02355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

25 batches of pollen (six common grasses, maize, short ragweed) and two batches of housedust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) all contained haemolysins. The haemolysins of two grass pollens and of the housedust mites were of small MW (l00–200 Da) and apparently non‐allergenic. Both caused inflammation when injected into human skin, at doses that could be experienced naturally. The “allergic” airways diseases may not be entirely immunologically m

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb02356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The influence on lung function of small cumulative doses (31+31 + 63 + 125 + 250 μg) of terbutaline inhalations from a pressurized aerosol with a 750 ml spacer was evaluated in 12 stable asthmatics. The trial was douhle‐blind and cross‐over, using the double‐dummy method. Lung functions was recorded 5, 30, and 60 min after each inhalation. No significant differences in FEV1, FVC and FMI25–75%were found between the two devices. A very marked response, which was not a placebo effect, was noted after the subjects had inhaled the first 31 μg dose. The results suggest that the number of inhalations is more important for the response in lung function than the dose administered. The addition of a 750 ml spacer to the pressurized aerosol is not likely to be beneficial for adults who an able to handle an ordinary aerosol

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb02357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Different subgroups of egg‐allergic patients were established according to differences in allergic symptoms provoked by hen's egg white, total IgE‐level, RAST (radioallergosorbent test) results to egg white, and age. In each group the pattern of specific IgE‐antibodies to individual allergens in the egg white, determined by means of crossed radioimmuno‐electrophoresis (CRIE), was compared with the pattern in a control group. The RAST value to egg white was found to exert the strongest influence on the CRIE results. A few statistically singificant differences in CRIE results to cetain allergens were also observed in other pairs of subgroups of egg‐allergic patients. Possible explanations for this are discussed. It was concluded that CRIE studies of allergens in mixed protein solutions, using a series of sera from allergic patients, will most probably give the same results and the same classification of the allergens independent of the characteristica of the patients from which the sera were collected. However, it should be emphasized that the CRIE series must include a sufficient number of patients with high RAST values to the allergen in question. Otherwise some allergens may be missed and the classification of the allergens may be

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb02358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many constituents of rat fur, urine and saliva were identified as being allergenic using crossed radio‐immunoelectrophoresis with sera from 14 patients who had asthma and rhinitis on exposure to rats. There was considerable diversity in the spectra of components recognised by individual patients, though the majority reacted with immunoprecipitate 4. In all three extacts this represents a similar component, which was originally characterised as a urinary prealbumin. Most of the allergenic components of urine and saliva have also been detected in the fur extract. Some of the minor allergens are those antigens which appear to be unique to urine, saliva or the skin, suggesting that sensitisation to rats can result from exposure to allergenic material from all three of these source

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb02359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Skin test with 13 inhalant allergens were performed in 788 children with respiratory allergy. Positive reactions were common to animal danders (65%), to grass pollens (55%) and to tree pollens (44%) but rare to moulds (13%) and to house dust mite (12%). Children exposed to cows, dogs or horses at home more often had skin test reactions to the these allergens than the children not expose, but reactions to cat dander occured as frequently in children exposed to cat home as to those not exposed. Reactions to tree pollens occured most often in children from upper social classes and from urban and reactions to house dust mite occured most often in children from rural area. Children with positive reactions to house dust mite came from larger families than children with negative test results.Some of these results were unexpected and possible explanations are discussed.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb02360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It was the aim of the study to compare the efficacy and side effects of oral antihistamine and nasal glucocorticoid therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis. In a double‐blind, double‐dummy, group‐comparative study, 61 adult grass pollen allergic patients were either treated with dexchlorpheniramine maleate sustained release tablets (6 mg b.d.). or with budesonide nasal spray (200 μg b.d.). After a 1‐week run‐in period, treatment was given for 3 weeks in the grass pollen season. Patients treated with budesonide showed significantly less nasal blockage than those who received dexchlorpheniramine (P<0.05), but there was no difference in the number of sneezes and nose blowings. Patients treated with budesonide used a larger quantity of antihistamine‐vasoconstrictor eye drops (P<0.01). Drowsiness occured in the group that was treated with dexchlorpheniramine, but mainly during the first week of treatment. The side effects caused by the budesonide spray were few and insignificant. The patients' overall assessment of the treatment favoured the glucocorticoid sp

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb02361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Geotzel, E.J.&Kay, A. B.(eds.): Current perspectives in allergy.Lessof, M. H.(ed.): Clinical reactions to food.Ritzmann, S. E.(ed.): Pathology of immunoglobulins.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1983.tb02362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY