摘要:

Only seldom have food additives been shown to cause true allergic (immunological) reactions. Adverse effects due to various pharmacological or other mechanisms are much more common. The individual tolerance may be decreased for one reason or another, and may fluctuate from time to time. Many patients suffering from food additive reactions have atopic constitutions and such clinical symptoms as flexural dermatitis, rhinitis and asthma. The most important skin symptoms caused by food additives are urticaria, angioneurotic edema, and contact urticaria. Azo dyes, benzoic acid and several other common food additives may aggravate or, more rarely, even cause urticaria. Spices are one of the most common causes of immunological contact urticaria. Non‐immunological contact urticaria is produced by numerous spices, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, cinnamic acid, and many essential oils. Asthma and rhinitis are the main hypersensitivity symptoms in the respiratory tract, and azo dyes, benzoic acid, and sulfitic food additives are the most common causative agents. Systemic and respiratory reactions to food colorants and benzoates have been claimed to occur more frequently in acetylsalicylic acid‐ (ASA‐)sensitive patients than in non‐reactors. Hypersensitivity reactions in organs other than the skin and respiratory tract are rare or poorly documented. Psychological factors play an essential role in both food and food additive re

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The induction of allergic pulmonary distress (APD) in ovalbumin sensitive rats can be used as a model of human allergic asthma. In this model, control animals exhibit a rapid decrease in minute volume (Vm) when challenged with ovalbumin (OA) by aerosol (3 % solution). The present study compared the effects of pretreatment with calcium antagonists on the induction of APD. By the aerosol route of administration, 5 min before OA, verapamil HCl (6% solution) significantly (P<0.05) dampened the allergic response during all 12 min monitored. At an equivalent concentration, diltiazem aHCl significantly (P0.05) alter the response to OA. Verapamil and nifedipine proved to be equally effective in a dose‐dependent manner against OA‐induced APD, however, when administered orally (‐60 min, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg). At doses of 10 mg/kg and higher, both calcium antagonists consistently inhibited (P<0.05) the response. Diltiazem was inactive when administered orally at a dose as high as 20 mg/kg. The present data suggest that the calcium antagonists verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem, can attenuate APD and therefore might be clinically active agents in the treatment of allergic a

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The inflammatory component of allergic rhinitis was studied by measuring the concentration and content of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP, specific for eosinophils) and myeloperoxidase (MPO, specific for neutrophils) in samples of nasal secretion from 20 pollen‐allergic subjects. All secretion samples contained measurable concentrations of both proteins. The mean ECP concentrations on two occasions without pollen exposure were 950 and 1170 μg/1. The ECP concentration during the pollen season without any therapy (mean 1160 μg/l) did not differ significantly from the baseline values, but intranasal corticosteroid therapy resulted in a significant decrease (mean 530 μg/l). The concentration of MPO was about 10 times higher than that of ECP, but the changes in MPO were nonsignificant throughout the observation period. An inverse correlation was found between the threshold dose in histamine challenges and the ECP level expressed either as concentration or as content. Furthermore, the ECP concentration and content 1 day after a positive allergen challenge were both significantly correlated with the strength of the challenge reaction. Measurements of ECP in nasal secretions are useful for studying the presence and activity of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa, and may prove of value in clinical investigations on patients with allergic rhin

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Multitest CMI system consists of a disposable multiple puncture device that simultaneously applies seven standardized recall antigens for assessment of cell‐mediated immunity (CMI). The seven antigens included were toxoid fromClostridium tetaniandCorynebacterium diphthenae, tuberculin, plus antigens from streptococcus (group C), Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Proteus mirabilis. A population of 352 healthy Danish adults, aged between 17 and 90 years, was tested to determine the incidence and size of delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. All but six healthy adults (98%) responded to one or more antigens, the median number of positive responses being four in males and three in females. The incidence of positive responses ranged from 91 % for tuberculin to 11 % for trichophyton. The number of positive responses declined with age, being somewhat faster in females than males. Six of the seven antigen response rates were significantly lower in the over 65‐years‐olds, the only exception being trichophyton, and for four of the seven antigens significantly lower in females compared to males. When correlated to age and sex no major differences were found with regard to the size of response to the seven antigens except that the tuberculin response was larger in males. A scoring system based on both number and size of positive responses revealed significant age and sex related differences. The median “score” in 17‐65‐year‐old males and females were, respectively, 17 mm and 14 mm compared to 13 mm and 8 mm in those over 65 years old (P 0.001 for

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based on the l‐phenyl‐2,3‐dimethyl‐3‐pyraizolin‐5‐one series and on the 1,2‐diphenyl‐pyrazolidine‐3,5‐dione series of drugs, haptenic reagents and conjugates were synthesized and evaluated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs, and by ELISA tests using rabbit antisera against the haptens. No cross‐reactivity between pyrazolinone and pyrazolidinedione haptenic reagents was found in any of the test systems. But also within each series, the animal antibodies showed rather strict specificities upon interaction with related haptens or drugs. These results are somewhat unexpected, because the haptens were used in connection with long and flexible spacer arms. Furthermore, they are not typical for certain other drug allergies. The strict specificity reduces the diagnostic potential of the haptenic reagents when used in serological t

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ficus benjaminaor weeping fig (w‐fig) is one of the most common indoor non‐flowering green plants in northern Europe. We have previously reported that occupational exposure to w‐fig in plant keepers, both atopic and non‐atopic, gives rise to IgE‐mediated allergy with airway symptoms. About one‐fourth of the plant keepers had become sensitized. We now report a study of sensitization in non‐occupationally exposed persons comprising 395 patients, consecutively referred for allergological investigation, and 107 employees from two offices decorated with an abundance of w‐figs. Of the patients, 56% were found to be atopic and more than half of them reported exposure to w‐fig. Sensitization, as judged by a positive skin prick test and positive RAST, was found in 13 of the patients and in three of the employees. All of them suffered from rhinitis and/or asthma and were atopics and sensitized to one or several common allergens. We conclude that sensitization to w‐fig is not uncommon and that in Sweden it is of the same magnitude as sensitization to the most common mould, Cladosporium herbarum. The risk that subjects with a genuine atopic constitution exposed to w‐fig will become sensitized is about 6 %. In approximately half of the patients the sensitization was considered to be

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The usefulness of the leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) test to detect cow milk (CM) hypersensitivity was studied in 40 children with suspected allergy to CM. Hyper‐sensitivity was carefully investigated by oral milk challenges, which gave a final confirmation of cow milk hypersensitivity in 12 subjects, and excluded it in the remaining 28 subjects. Leukcocyte migration inhibition was measured using β‐lactoglobulin (BLG), α‐lactalbumin (ALA), α‐casein (ACA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as antigens. IgA and IgG antibodies to these antigens were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and IgE antibodies to these antigens and to CM by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Skin prick test with CM was performed in 38 subjects, and with BLG, ALA, ACA and BSA in 29 subjects. Leukocyte migration was more often inhibited by cow milk antigens in the CM challenge positive (CM +) subjects than in the challenge negative (CM‐) subjects. Of the specific milk antigens, ALA was the most potent inhibitor, and gave a positive LIF test result in all CM + subjects, and significantly (P<0.02) less often (15/24) in CM‐ subjects. Also in the skin prick test and RAST, ALA gave positive results more often than the other milk antigens. BLG, ACA and BSA had an inhibiting effect on leukocyte migration, but the difference between the CM + and CM‐ subjects was not statistically significant. Two of the 12 CM + subjects had no demonstrable IgE antibodies to CM proteins; both of them, however, had a positive LIF test with at least one of the CM antigens. No significant correlation was observed between leukocyte migration inhibition and the serum levels of IgA, IgG or IgE antibodies to milk antigens. The results of this study suggest that cell‐mediated immunity may play a role in cow milk allergy, also in subjects with demonstrable IgE antibodies to CM. Even though the LIF test is sensitive in the diagnosis of cow milk allergy, it is not useful as a diagnostic test, since many challenge‐negative subjects h

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a previous study, and in the present study, we have found that the baseline plasma samples of patients with asthma contain average levels of an endogenous heparin‐like material (EHM) that is significantly higher than that noted in non‐allergic, non‐asthmatic controls. This material appears to have properties of both heparin and heparan sulfate. Three out of six patients responding to inhalational antigen challenge displayed an acute increment in EHM concentration that coincided with a fall in FEV1values. The relation of EHM concentration to provoked asthma, or to asthma in general, remains to be deter

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The preventive effect of a nasally administered single dose of the dipeptide N‐acetyl‐aspartyl‐glutamate (NAAGA) on pollen‐induced early nasal reaction as measured by rhinomanometry and symptomatology was investigated in a double‐blind cross‐over placebo controlled study in 18 patients with nasal sensitization to grass pollen. Mean nasal airways resistance at 20, 40, and 60 min post challenge was, respectively, 33%, 37% (P = 0.03) and 27% less after NAAGA than after placebo administration in the same patients. In contrast, no significant effect on sneeze count and rhinorrhoe

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It has been previously demonstrated in nasal challenge studies that there is an increased sensitivity to allergen following an initial allergen challenge. A similar feature has been demonstrated following natural allergen exposure in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. To further explore the characteristics of this “priming” phenomenon and its relationship to other expressions of their allergic airway disease, 28 hay fever patients with strictly seasonal disease were studied. Skin tests with the relevant pollen allergen and histamine were performed and the size of the immediate and late phase allergic reaction was determined. An initial nasal allergen challenge was followed by a rechallenge of the nose with allergen 24 h later using a lavage technique. Determinations of TAME‐esterase activity, as a biochemical marker of the allergic reaction, were made in the returned lavage fluid. The number of sneezes was counted and nasal symptoms were also assessed using a scoring technique. 19 of 28 patients (67%), displayed an increased responsiveness at rechallenge with similar findings in terms of symptom scores and TAME‐esterase measurements. The increase was statistically significant for the symptoms of nasal blockage, which increased from 0.7 ± 0.1 (mean ± SEM) to 1.1 ±0.2 (P ± 0.05), and nasal secretion which rose from 1.1 ± 0.2 to 1.7 ± 0.2 (P<0.01). A composite nasal symptom score which also took account of the number of sneezes, increased from 2.9 ± 0.4 to 4.0 ± 0.3 (P<0.01). The TAME‐esterase activity in the recovered lavage fluid following challenge with the same allergen dose increased from 11.7 ± 2.4 to 18.7 ± 2.8 CPM/103(P<0.01). No correlation was found between the increased responsiveness and the size of initial immediate reaction either in the nose or in the skin, or the presence or size of any late phase dermal reaction. There was, however, a correlation between the size of initial allergen response in the nose and skin (r = 0.43). As an increased responsiveness to allergen appears to be of clinical significance at natural allergen exposure, further studies of the pathophysiology of this phenom

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb00395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY