摘要:

Human granulocyte/pollen binding protein (GPBP), previously identified as serum transferrin, promoted prolonged firm adherence of neutrophils to Timothy grass pollen. Some characteristics of this adherence reaction are reported. GPBP‐induced binding was time‐, temperature‐ and concentration‐dependent. Maximal adherence was observed by 2 h and was only slightly decreased at 18 h. The optimal temperature for adherence was 37° C. Concentrations of GPBP as low as 1.25 μ g/ml gave significantly greater binding than the albumin or lactoferrin control. Eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes did not appear to participate in GPBP‐induced pollen binding reactions at concentrations up to 300 μg/ml. In the presence of GPBP, neutrophils adhered to a range of grass, weed and tree pollens. These included timothy, meadow, false oat, rye, giant and short ragweed, plantain, silver birch and ash. GPBP did not facilitate the adherence of granulocytes to inert particles of similar size such as Sephadex beads and agarose. The adherence was Mg++‐ but not Ca++‐ dependent and was not inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to the transferrin receptor (OKT9). Transferrin/GPBP did not bind to either neutrophils or pollen grains. A purified commercial transferrin reacted in all respects like GPBP in these pollen binding studies. These observations indicate that GPBP/transferrin‐induced adherence of granulocytes to pollen grains is a hitherto unrecognized property of transferrin which appears unrelated to iron transport or the conventional tr

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A long‐term safety study of intranasally administered budesonide, a topical glucocorticoid, has been performed. 104 patients with perennial rhinitis, allergic or non‐allergic, participated in a multicentre study in seven ENT‐clinics utilising an identical protocol. A budesonide dosage of 400 μg/day was used as starting dose, but the patients were at liberty to reduce the daily dose to 200 μg. The patients were observed at intervals up to 12 months. At the entry and follow‐up visits the following parameters were recorded: rhinoscopic findings, nasal symptom scores, blood chemistry, hematology, urinalysis and determination of plasma cortisol levels before and after stimulation with ACTH (Synacthen®). Nasal biopsies taken from 50 of the patients at the beginning and completion of the study were examined in a blinded way by an indepndent pathologist. The analysis revealed no histopathological changes of the nasal mucosa. At rhinoscopy no signs of atrophy or Candida were reported. Lividity of the nasal mucosa was significantly reduced during the trial, which was also the case for nasal congestion and secretion. All nasal symptom parameters assessed by the patients were significantly reduced from baseline during the follow‐up period. No clinically significant changes in the hematological and blood chemistry parameters were observed. Plasma cortisol analysis before and after challenge with ACTH revealed no influence on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. No tachyphylaxis was observed; on the contrary, there was a clear tendency for reduction of the daily dose of budesonide necessary to keep the patients symptom‐free. The present study suggests that intransal budesonide in the dose of 400 μg/day is a safe and valuable addition to our therapeutic armory for per

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The predictive value of a bronchial challenge with histamine was determined in a prospective survey on a population with a high prevalence of asthma (0.62). Without knowledge of the bronchial responsiveness 133 patients were classified as asthmatics (83) or non‐asthmatics (50) according to variation in peak expiratory flow rate and medical history. Response to challenge was determined by the interrupter method, and the concentration of histamine inducing a 40% increase in resistance to breathing (PC40‐Rt) was calculated from the log dose response curve. When defining a positive test as a test giving PC40‐Rt‐values below 2.00 mg/ml, the predictive value of a positive test was 0.75 and the predictive value of a negative test was 0.72. By decreasing the limit for a positive test to 0.25 mg/ml the corresponding predictive value was increased to 0.91. When further increasing the limit to 4.00 mg/ml the predictive value of a negative test in the diagnosis of asthma was increased to 0.81. The interrupter technique is suitable for diagnostic purposes in the detection and exclusion of bronchial

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Skin prick and intracutaneous tests were performed with serotonin, histamine and a mixture of both in 32 normal persons, two rhinitis patients and 12 asthmatics. Skin prick tests with serotonin produced a triple response, but the weal reactions were small. Serotonin had no potentiating effect on the histamine reaction. Intracutaneously, serotonin tests also induced a triple response, but with smaller weal reactions than with histamine, and the weal surfaces were wrinkled. Constriction of the large subcutaneous veins was observed locally after serotonin injection. No quantitative or qualitative difference in reaction to serotonin was observed between normal subjects and allergies. The role of serotonin in the immediate allergic reaction in the skin was minimal.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

RAST was performed using both nitrocellulose (NC) and paper discs to compare these solid supports for ability to detect IgE antibodies in sera from two patients with hypersensitivity to the industrial chemical, diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocynate (MDI). NC discs had distinct advantages in case of coupling the hapten‐conjugate antigen to discs, and in use of lesser amounts of antigen. With regard to sensitivity, NC discs were better able to distinguish the positive sera from 34 control sera including those with elevated levels of total IgE. In both RAST systems, inhibition studies indicated high specificity of antibodies for MDI, with no reactivity detected toward the serum albumin portion of the MDI‐HSA conjugate antigen. However, only in the NC RAST did antibodies from both patients react with p‐tolyl isocyanate inhibitor. Based on the above results, NC discs displayed several advantages in RAST and are recommended for routine serological assay of isocyanate‐specif

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We examined the effects of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) on antigen‐induced bronchial anaphylactic reactions (BAR) in SD rats immunized with ovalbumin (OA) and alum. The animals were treated with vehicle, budesonide (BUD), dexamethasone (DEX), or hydrocortisone (HC) at various times before intravenous (i.v.) antigen challenge. The drugs were administered either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intratracheally (i.t.); the BAR was elicited by a low or by a high challenge dose of antigen. A BAR elicited by a low challenge dose of antigen was reduced in a dose‐dependent way by all GCS after i.p. administration; al 1 mg/kg, BUD and DEX significantly reduced BAR and at 50 mg/kg all three of the examined compounds inhibited the BAR by 50 % or more. For BUD, maximum effect was recorded when it was given 12 h before test. There was only a slight variation in the inhibitory effects of the GCS with immunization conditions of test animals. I.t. instillation of the drugs did not markedly increase their inhibitory capacity as compared to i.p. administration. BAR elicited by a high antigen dose was at best marginally affected by the GCS when given either i.p. or i.t. Thus, antigen‐induced airway reactivity in rats can be reduced by GCS treatment provided that this is performed sufficiently long before the test and that the challenge dose of antigen is not too

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The NK cell activity of mononuclear cells as well as monocyte‐depleted, Percoll‐fractionated, NK cell‐enriched effector cells against K 562 target cells was inhibited by methylprednisolone (MP) and hydrocortisone (HC) in a dose‐dependent manner. The effector/target cell conjugate formation was studied in a single cell agarose assay, and it was shown that MP and HC partly inhibited the NK cell activity by inhibition of the adhesion of effector cells to

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The reproducibility of exercise‐induced asthma (ELA) was studied in children with perennial asthma, using treadmill exercise challenge tests repealed at mean intervals of 1 week (Group I,n= 20), I month (Group II,n= 20) and 1 year (group III,n= 18). The protocol was standardized with respect to 1) intensity and duration of exercise, 2) time of last medication prior to exercise, 3) air humidity, 4) use of corticosteroids, 5) asthma attacks, and 6) pollen season. The mean percentage fall in peak expiratory flow (PEF) following exercise remained significantly unchanged in the three groups. The reproducibility of EIA was improved compared with previous studies. Although the random variation of EIA tended to be greater in Group III, the individual severity of ELA was remarkably stable whatever the interval between tests. Improvements in baseline airway function between tests were not followed by a simultaneous decrease in EIA. In conclusion, the severity of EIA is reproducible in children with perennial asthma, when the exercise Protocol is standardized for factors known to influence bronchial reactivit

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Hunter, J. O.&Alun Jones, V. (eds.): Food and the gut.Brede, H. D.&Stevens, E. (eds.): Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1986.tb00305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY