摘要:

Wardlaw AJ, Walsh GM, Symon FA. Mechanisms of eosinophil and basophil migration.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence of positive skin prick tests (SPT) for common allergens and symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or asthma was investigated in Umeå in northern Sweden in 1987. Skin prick tests with 10 allergens common in Sweden and a questionnaire were used to examine 1112 teenagers. All subjects with a positive skin prick test or symptoms were interviewed, and they were further investigated by a serum specific IgE test, a ventilatory lung function test, and a physical examination. At least one skin prick test was positive in 43% of the subjects. Ninety‐three percent had at least one positive skin prick test to one of the three most common allergens: cat, timothy grass, and birch. The prevalence of current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was 17%, current allergic asthma 2.8%, and current asthma (both allergic and nonallergic) 6.8%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the most important risk factors for current asthma were sex (being a girl) and atopy. Heredity of asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis and being born in the winter (October‐March) also increased the risk. In atopic subjects, having a mother who smoked and heredity of asthma increased the risk. For allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, heredity increased the risk of getting rhinoconjunctiv

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study revealed that 73% of surveyed apartments in Moscow whose residents included children with the atopic form of bronchial asthma and sensitization toDermatophagoides pteronyssinusallergens were infested with the pyroglyphid mitesD. pteronyssinusandD. farinae.The number of mites in the surveyed apartments varied between 0 and 154 mites/g of dust forD. pteronyssinusand between 0 and 162 mites/g of dust forD. farinae.The levels of mite allergens in these apartments ranged from 0.5 to 165.8 μg/g forDer pI and from 0.3 to 91.3 μg/g of dust forDer f I.TheDer pI allergen was found to predominate, and its concentration in one‐third of the apartments was more than 10‐fold greater than that ofDer f I.Correlation between the number of pyroglyphid mites and the concentration of group I allergens was established for bothD. pteronyssinus(r= 0.4932;P<0.01) andD. farinae (r= 0.6748;P<0.01). In most of the apartments, high and moderate levels ofDerI allergens were det

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00780.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence and specificity of naturally occurring human IgA anti‐IgE autoantibodies (a‐E Ab) were studied by ELISA with anti‐IgA monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and a purified myeloma IgE as solid‐phase protein, i.e., IgE‐DES(κ). Such detected IgA a‐E Ab were common among adults, and significantly increased geometric means (GM) were found in patients with atopy (P= 0.006;n= 41; GM = 79.3 arbitrary units (AU)/ml) and filariasis (P= 0.02;n= 41; GM = 75.9 AU/ml), as compared with nonatopic controls (n= 42; GM = 48.8 AU/ml). No such difference was observed between age‐matched nonatopic (n= 22; GM = 36.7 AU/ml) and atopic (n= 22; GM = 38.6 AU/ml) children. Children had significantly (P= 0.001) lower IgA a‐E Ab concentrations than adults, probably as a result of age, because IgA a‐E Ab concentrations and age of children were significantly correlated (n= 44;P<0.05;rs= 0.30). IgA a‐E Ab concentrations were very low in cord serum (n= 32; median<0.1 AU/ml). Sex did not influence IgA a‐E Ab concentrations in any study group. The specificity of IgA a‐E Ab in nine sera was studied by ELISA inhibition assay using IgE‐DES myeloma as solid‐phase protein and inhibitory proteins of the IgG, IgM, IgD, and IgE classes, including five different IgE myeloma proteins, as well as three enzymatic fragments of IgE‐DES. The inhibitions indicated that all IgA a‐E Ab tested reacted in a low‐affinity reaction with determinants restricted to IgE‐DES, i.e., the solid‐phase protein. These epitopes were heat‐resistant (2 h; 56°C) and located in the Fabɛ‐DES fragment. No isotype‐specific IgA a‐E Ab were found because none of the four other IgE proteins were inhibitory. Subclass typing indicated that most IgA a‐E Ab belonged to the IgA 1 subclass. It is unlikely, for reasons of restricted specificity, low affinity, and common prevalence, that such IgA 1 a‐E Ab are connected with IgE‐mediated disorders. The study also rai

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00781.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study compared the efficacy of inhaled salmeterol (SM) 50 μmg twice a day with SM 100 μmg once a day (at night) and placebo in patients with poorly controlled nocturnal asthma despite treatment with corticosteroids, oral long‐acting bronchodilators, or both. This was a two‐center, double‐blind, randomized, crossover study with three treatment periods, each of 3 weeks’ duration. The first treatment period was preceded by two 1‐week run‐in periods, and the last treatment period was followed by a 2‐week follow‐up period. In the three treatment periods, patients received either SM 50 μmg twice a day, SM 100 μmg nightly, or placebo, in randomized order. Salbutamol metered‐dose inhaler was given as relief medication. Of the 41 randomized patients, 38 were evaluable for more than one treatment period. Efficacy and safety were determined by daily record card data: morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), daytime and nighttime asthma symptom scores, and rescue salbutamol use. At clinic visits, FEV1and FVC were measured, and the physicians’ and the patients’ respective assessments of the study mediation were noted. The study showed that the two doses, SM 50 μmg twice a day and SM 100 μmg nightly, were equally effective in controlling nocturnal asthma symptoms and were significantly better than placebo. SM was well tolerated, and no unexpected problems were revealed. The adverse events reported during this study were related either to the patient's underlying disease or to an intercu

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00782.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A total of 102 patients had their asthma treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) optimized in order to achieve the best possible control of symptoms. Thereafter, the BDP doses were gradually reduced over a 2‐year period (1988–90) to the lowest possible without deterioration of their asthmatic condition. In the beginning of 1990, treatment was changed in 76 patients (group A) to the nearest possible dose of budesonide delivered via Turbuhaler® Twenty‐six randomly selected patients (25% of the study population; group B) continued treatment with BDP. In both groups, dose reductions were tried during 1990–2 every third month as long as the patients remained symptom‐free and without significant decreases in FEV1or PEF. In group A, the maintenance dose could be reduced from 1003.9 ± 325.4 μg BDP (mean ± SD) to 602.9 ± 454.4 μg budesonide Turbuhaler (P<0.001). In group B, no significant dose reduction was possible; the mean dose was ± SD 1067.3 ± 36.6 μg in 1990, and 1019.2 ± 324.7 μg in 1992. The results indicate that, in efficacy, 0.6 mg budesonide Turbuhaler corresponds to approximately 1.0 mg BDP with volumatic spacer. This difference is probably due to an improved pulmonary delivery of budeso

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00783.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To evaluate the contribution of human lung mast cells (HLMC) to allergic inflammation, we investigated whether or not cytokines, including stem‐cell factor (SCF), monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF), and RANTES, activate HLMC. SCF induced histamine release from dispersed HLMC in a dose‐dependent fashion (P<0.01). The release was 7.8 ± 1.0% at 500 ng/ml SCF (n= 9). This response was also observed in chopped lung tissue. HLMC from which surface IgE molecules had been removed by treatment with lactic acid responded to SCF, while these cells lost their response to anti‐IgE. The process was relatively rapid and reached a maximum in 5 min. This response required extracellular calcium, and it was observed at 37°C, but not at 4°C or 20°. A brief preincubation (10 min) with lower concentrations of SCF, which were ineffective in releasing histamine, enhanced anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release (P<0.05), while its enhancing effect was lost by the longer preincubation (30 min). SCF did not prime basophils to enhance stimulated‐histamine release. Interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐3, IL‐4, IL‐5, granulocyte/macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), MCAF, and RANTES neither induced histamine release nor enhanced the release stimulated by anti‐IgE after a 10‐ or 30‐min preincubation. The combination of IL‐3 and IL‐4 showed no effect on histamine release from HLMC. Leukotriene (LT)C4/D4/E4production by SCF was negligible, as compared with anti‐IgE‐induced LT production. SCF at 1.5 ng/ml augmented anti‐IgE‐induced LT generation significantly (536+ 117 pg/105mast cells and 1569 ± 258 pg/105mast cells;P<0.01). These results provide further evidence that numerous aspects of the phenotype of mast cells and basophils are heterogeneous, including structure,

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00784.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Early recognition of infantile asthma in wheezing infants is a major problem for physicians. We investigated whether detection of early Sensitization to inhalant allergens would be useful to identify those wheezing infants who are likely to develop asthma. A total of 67 infants (aged 1–25 months) hospitalized for a wheezing episode were initially tested for reactivity to inhalant allergens by both skin prick test andin vitromeasurement of specific IgE antibodies (Phadiatop®). Thirty‐seven of the infants were already considered to have infantile asthma, and 30 presented only their first or second wheezing episode when included in the study. All infants were followed for a mean period of 18 months. Seventeen (25%) infants, including seven infants initially not asthmatic, had positive prick test toDermatophagoides pteronyssinusor to cat fur. All of these children were diagnosed as suffering from infantile asthma at the end of the follow‐up. Thus, skin test positivity to inhalant allergens was significantly associated with the diagnosis of infantile asthma (P<0.05) and could be considered to be predictive of the development of infantile asthma (P<0.03). In contrast, Phadiatop was less sensitive than skin prick tests, and only five children had positivein vitrotest results, suggesting that specific IgE may primarily bind to tissue mast cells before being detectable in serum. We concluded that Sensitization to inhalant allergens may distinguish wheezing infants who develop asthma from those who do not, and that skin testing may assist the early diagnosis of asthma in wheezing i

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00785.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have purified four allergens fromHelianthus annuus(sunflower) pollen, hereafter named as allergensa, b, c, andd.Under native conditions, allergenahas a mol. mass of 32, allergenbhas one of 24, and allergenscanddeach have one of 55 kDa. At the least, allergensb, c, andddemonstrate charge heterogeneity, and the electrophoretic mobility of allergenscanddincreases when these allergens are deglycosylated with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Cross‐reactivity among the four allergens and with the whole extract is very high, and each allergen recognizes IgE in a high proportion of patients sensitized to sunflower polle

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00786.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The new dry‐powder inhaler system, Turbuhaler®, has proved to be equivalent to metered‐dose inhalers when used in the nose, and the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy, dose‐response effects, and safety of budesonide powder given in the morning during the grass pollen season to patients with grass‐pollen‐induced allergic rhinitis. Of 190 randomized patients, 186 were treated and 180 completed this double‐blind study, which comprised a 4‐week treatment period, preceded by a 1‐week run‐in period. The patients were randomized to three parallel treatment groups: budesonide 400 μg, budesonide 200 μg, or placebo once in the morning. Assessment of efficacy, by comparing changes in mean scores of nasal symptoms from run‐in to treatment, showed a statistically significant effect for all symptoms with active treatments, as compared with placebo. The mean reduction of symptom severity was more pronounced in the 400‐μg group than in the 200‐μg group, and this difference was statistically significant for runny nose (P<0.02) and combined nasal symptoms (P<0.02). Nasal peak‐inspiratory flow improved significantly in both budesonide‐treated groups, as compared with placebo (P<0.01 andP<0.01). During the treatment period, patients on active treatment showed, on average, a reduction of all nasal symptoms, whereas the placebo‐treated patients, on average, showed an increase of nasal symptoms. Approximately 40% in the high‐dose group felt total control of rhinitis symptoms, as compared with 26% in the low‐dose group. There was no difference between budesonide‐ and placebo‐treated groups in side‐effects. Budesonide delivered from a Turbuhaler once daily in the morning is effective, and better symptom control is achieved by 400 μg than 200 μg in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. However, the low dose may be sufficient in patients with mild symptoms. Budesonide from a Turbuhaler may be preferable to pressurized‐dose aerosols and aqueous pump sprays because it does not c

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00787.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY