摘要:

Outbred NMRI mice were sensitized for high IgE production either by subcutaneous injections of low doses of untreated bovine milk or homogenized bovine milk in combination with intraperitoneal injections of Freund's Complete Adjuvant or by oral administration of untreated or homogenized bovine milk without adjuvant. When analysed in murine passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test both types of milk resulted in production of reaginic antibodies against bovine milk proteins when given subcutaneously. When given orally, homogenized milk resulted in reagin production in 10 out of 14 mice, whereas untreated milk resulted in reagin production in only one out of 12 mice. The sensitized mice, and control mice, were orally challenged with either untreated milk, homogenized milk or 0.9% NaCl. Examination of the intestines 40 min after oral administration revealed that homogenized milk, contrary to untreated milk or 0.9% NaCl, resulted in a large increase in the mass of the proximal gut segment of mice sensitized orally with homogenized milk compared with control mice orally challenged with saline (P<0.001), and only mice both sensitized and challenged orally with homogenized milk showed degranulation of mast cells in the intestinal wall. By contrast, subcutaneously sensitized mice or mice sensitized orally with untreated bovine milk showed no significant intestinal reaction upon oral challenge with either homogenized or untreated bovine milk. These observations may indicate that the route of sensitization is of great importance when intestinal reactions are to be studied, and that homogenization of bovine milk may render the milk more agressive with respect to its ability to induce intestinal reactions. The study indicates that mice may be an attractive experimental animal model for mimicking the intestinal anaphylactic reactions of cow milk‐allergic human

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 3 year‐study of emergency room visits (total 50,300) to the paediatric clinic of the main teaching hospital in Kuwait revealed that the rates of bronchial asthmatic attacks increased significantly from 8.8 % of all visits during the 1st year to 14.9% during the 3rd year. The seasonal distribution of asthmatic attacks showed maximum rates during the winter and minimum values in the summer, giving a very close inverse correlation to temperature and direct correlation to relative humidity. A similar, excellent correlation was seen between asthmatic attacks and upper respiratory infections. Occurrence of atmospheric pollen, which characteristically shows a bi‐annual pattern i Kuwait, was not found to correlate with asthma attack rates. Neither was there any demonstrable effect of dust storms on the frequency of asthmatic attacks in the children. Independent of season, the boy to girl ratio among the asthma cases was remarkably constant, around

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The intention of the present study was to compare formoterol and terbutaline regarding ability to inhibit immediate wheal and Hare responses (WFR) to antihuman IgE with focus on the duration of anti‐WFR action. Formoterol is a novel β2‐adrenergic agonist with a prolonged duration of bronchodilation capacity after inhalation. The drugs injected intradermally 2 min prior to challenge with anti‐IgE in volunteers produced a dose‐dependent inhibition of the WFR in the range 1pg–100ng (formoterol) and Ing‐1μg (terbutaline). Formoterol was 70 times (flare) and 25 times (wheal) more potent (ID40) than terbutaline on a weight basis. The duration of the anti‐WFR action for formoterol, injected in a 25 times lower dose than terbutaline, was significantly longer, namely>24 h versus 8 h for terbutaline. The histanune induced wheal reaction was attenuated by 15% and 25% by terbutaline and formoterol, respectively. The results indicate a higher β2‐receptor activity for formoterol with respect to inhibition of IgE‐dependent mast cell mediator release in addition to an anti‐leak effect exerted by both drugs. The prolonged duration of antagonistic effect by formoterol on the WFR to anti‐IgE might be due to the lipophilic property of the drug, with an expected higher retention of formoterol at the target tissue compared with the more hydrophi

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Formoterol, a new β2selective long‐acting bronchodilator, was compared with terbutaline in terms of ability to inhibit dual phase skin reactions to anti‐human IgE in volunteers. Anti‐IgE induced an early wheal and flare reaction (WFR) followed by a progressively increasing induration, the late phase reaction (LCR), lasting 24 h. Intradermal injection of formoterol 20 ng or terbutaline 500 ng 5 min before challenge gave equal inhibition of the WFR. The subsequent LCR was suppressed by formoterol (30 %) for the whole 24 h period, while terbutaline only attenuated the first 4 h period. Increasing the dose range of both drugs 25‐fold, caused a further analogous reduction of the WFR to anti‐IgE. In this higher dose range formoterol (0.5 ng) antagonized the following 1–24 h LCR by 50 %, while terbutaline (25 μg) only attenuated the LCR by an average of 20 %, with higher effect in the first 6 h period. The anti‐LCR capacity of formoterol was highly superior to that of terbutaline (P<0.001). The histamine‐elicited wheal response was attenuated by both drugs, but they had no effect on the flare response, favouring an anti‐permeability action of both compounds. The data support the concept that terbutaline, given locally in a single dose shortly before challenge, inhibits the mast cell mediator release reaction with limited consequences for the following LCR. In contrast to terbutaline, formoterol exerted a substantial anti‐LCR action, probably by interfering with inflammatory mechanisms after the initial mast

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00509.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sensitization to work‐related and other common inhalation allergens was studied in 187 farmers by means of SPT and RAST. A positive RAST to house dust mites occurred in 6.4% and to storage mites in 5.3% of farmers. Sensitization to grain, pollen and animal dander was less frequent and a positive RAST to moulds was not found. There was a very strong association between a positive RAST to house dust mites and storage mites (odds ratio 173.6). Smoking seemed to be a risk factor for sensitization to mites, pollen, grain, and animal dander. Smokers who had lived in damp dwellings had a significantly increased risk of sensitization to mites (odds ratio 6.2–12.6), whereas this was not so with non‐smokers (odds ratio 0.9

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00510.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concentrations of swine epithelial antigen (SEA), swine urinary antigen (SUA) and swine feed antigen (SFA) were measured in swineries, SEA seems to be the most prevalent of the constituents measured. In the serum samples of the subjects studied, specific IgG antibodies against the antigens were frequently encountered. However, a difference was seen in the distribution of anti‐SUA‐IgG antibodies between swinery workers and a control group of students. The influence of the level of specific dust concentrations on specific antibody titers was studied statistically. Positive correlations were observed between stationary site SUA concentrations and anti‐SUA‐IgG and anti‐SEA‐IgG titers, respectively, pointing to an association between exposure and humoral response in swinery work. Consequently, our results suggest that the measurement of antibodies against SUA or its components could offer a basis for the estimation of the level of swinery work‐related respiratory exposure and for monitoring the quality of the working environment

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00511.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Peripheral leukocytes from allergic subjects were treated for 30 min with sodium cromoglycate (SCG) or with N‐acetyl‐aspartyl glutamic acid (NAAGA) and challenged for leukotriene B4(LTB4) production with calcium ionophore A 23187. NAAGA significantly inhibits LTB, release at concentrations of 10−2M (−86%), 5.10−3M (−49%) and 10−3M (−34%), while SCG was not able to block LTB4production within the range of 10−2–10−4M. In spite of the fact that SCG and NAAGA are chemically unrelated and that both show antiallergic properties, only NAAGA is able in this model to block production of LTB4, a chemical mediator strongly involved in inflammatory and hyper

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00512.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Respiratory epithelial mast cells are an expression of airway inflammatory processes. Nasal epithelial mast cells are known to be increased m allergic rhinitis and have now been examined in patients with nasal polyps. Metachromatic cell counts (mean ± standard error) expressed as the sum of large mast cells, atypical mast cells and basophils in epithelial scrapings of the inferior turbinates, assessed after Carnoy's fixation and toluidine blue staining (pH 0.5), were 37.5±29 in non‐allergic normal control subjects (n= 11), 435±130 in polyp patients who were allergic (n= 18), and 699±267 in polyp patients who were not allergic (n = 8). Metachromatic cell counts in epithelial scrapings obtained in vivo from nasal polyps of allergic patients (n= 8) were 1769±962, and 2308±1544 from polyps of non‐allergic patients (n = 5); metachromatic counts were 2089±633 in epithelial scrapings from excised polyps of allergic patients (n= 14) and 2214±640 from polyps of non‐allergic patients (n= 13). It is concluded that the number of metachromatic cells in the epithelium of nasal polyps and the adjacent nasal mucosa is elevated compared with normal nasal epithelium and the increased number does not depend

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00513.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measurements of IgE levels in the blood of neonates were investigated using filter paper for blood collection in mass screening of congenital metabolic disorders. Time‐resolved fluoroimmunometric assay system for the measurement of filter paper blood IgE levels was also studied. In an analysis of the present results, IgE values of at least 0.015U/ml, the measurement limit, were considered as high. High IgE levels in filter paper blood were seen in 28 (7.2%) of the 389 cases. When the relation with serum IgE levels at 18 months of age was investigated in 134 of 389 subjects, high serum IgE levels were also found in about 86.7% of the subjects with high IgE levels in filter paper blood. In addition, when the relation between family history of atopic disease and presence of atopic disease in the first 18 months of age was investigated in 203 of the 389 subjects, about 90 % of the subjects with a family history of atopic disease and high IgE levels in filter paper blood developed atopic disease. Since filter paper blood is routinely collected in Japan, IgE levels in this blood should be widely checked for the prediction of onset of atopic disease in infant

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00514.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Terbutaline (Bricanyl®) 0.5 mg t.i.d. administered via Turbuhaler® was compared with fenoterol (Berotec®) 0.2 mg t.i.d. administered via Inhalator Ingelheim® in 36 asthmatic children aged 7–12 years. The study was of an open crossover design with two randomly allocated treatment periods, each lasting 2 weeks. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured at clinic visits before study start and at the end of each treatment period. The patients recorded peak expiratory flow (PEF) before and after inhaler use, morning and evening. They also recorded asthma symptoms and number of extra inhalations. At the end of the study, children and parents were asked for inhaler preference. No differences between the treatments were found concerning the results of the lung function measurements at the clinic or at the PEF measurements at home. No differences were found between the treatments as regards asthma symptoms or number of extra inhalations. Two patients experienced mild side effects during fenoterol treatment, none during terbutaline treatment. Treatment with terbutaline in Turbuhaler was preferred by a majority of children and parents. In conclusion, in this group of asthmatic children, treatment with terbutaline administered via Turbuhaler was as efficacious as treatment with fenoterol administered via Inhalator Ingelheim. There was a clear preference in favour of the Turbu

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1990.tb00515.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY