ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ulrik CS, Backer V, Bach‐Mortensen N. Bronchodilating effect of ipratropium bromide inhalation powder and aerosol in children and adolescents with stable bronchial asthma.The purpose of this study was to compare the bronchodilating effect of ipratropium bromide (IB) administered by a conventional Ingelheim powder device system (IPI) and by a metered dose inhaler (MDI) in children and adolescents with stable bronchial asthma. Seventy patients, aged 7 to 16 years, with stable bronchial asthma from our outpatient clinic were tested for bronchial responsiveness to inhaled IB. Fifteen (21%) of the 70 subjects were found to have a substantial bronchial response to inhalation of 40 γg IB, i.e. at least 15% increase in FEV130 min after inhalation; the remaining 55 subjects had<15% increase in FEV1. No relationship between severity of asthma, age or sex and bronchial responsiveness to inhaled IB was found. Among the 15 subjects who had substantial bronchial response to IB, the increase in FEV1after inhalation of fenoterol tended to be greater than the response to inhaled IB, although this did not reach statistical significance. Responders, i.e. subjects who had at least 15% increase in FEV1after inhalation of IB, took part in a double‐blind, cross‐over study of the bronchodilating effect of 40 γg IB delivered by IPI and MDI. We found no significant differences in the bronchodilating effect during a 6‐h follow‐up. Maximum bronchodilating effect of IB was reached after 30 min and the maximum response lasted for 90 min. No side or adverse effects were observed following inhalation of IB. We conclude that before starting treatment with ipratropium bromide for bronchial asthma in children and adolescents, the patients should be tested for bronchial responsiveness to inhaled IB to find out whether they are responders or nonresponders; and further that, among responders, inhalation of powder is as effective as inhalation from a do

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Haugaard L, Iversen M, Dahl R. A comparative study of four different bronchial challenge tests.The correlation between 4 commonly used tests for assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness was studied in 10 asthmatics by performing bronchial challenges with histamine, ultrasonically nebulised distilled water (UNDW), exercise, and a relevant allergen. All tests were performed within 4 weeks for each individual and at least 48 h apart. A significant correlation was found between histamine challenge and exercise challenge (r=−0.74). Other correlations were substantial (0.4–0.5) but did not reach statistical significance. This suggests that the challenges have different mechanisms or pathways leading to bronchoconstriction, and assessment of the pattern of individual patients’ bronchial hyperresponsiveness may require application of a number of different bronchial challenge tests. For routine use histamine challenge seems the most approp

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Schauer U, Koch B, Michl U, Jäger R, Rieger CHL. Enhanced production of platelet activating factor by peripheral granulocytes from children with asthma.Granulocytes from 23 asthmatic children aged 4–15 years and 32 age‐matched healthy children were studied. Cells were purified by Dextran sedimentation and Percoll gradient centrifugation from heparinized blood. Afterin vitrostimulation by ionophore A23187 the amount of newly synthesized PAF and LTC4was assessed by radio receptor assay or radioimmunoassay respectively. Eight patients had symptoms of asthma within the last 3 weeks before examination. Granulocytes from the symptomatic patients showed a significantly higher PAF generation (median 125 ng/106cells, range 7–189 ng/106cells) when compared to asymptomatic patients (p<0.001. median 14 ng/106cells, range 6–33 ng/106cells) or controls (p<0.001, median 11 ng/106cells, range 3–26 ng/106cells). In contrast, LTC4generation was increased in both patient groups. The results suggest a regulatory role of PAF in the exacerbation

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Croner S, Kjellman N‐IM. Natural history of bronchial asthma in childhood. A prospective study from birth up to 12‐14 years of age.In a cohort of 1654 consecutively born children followed from birth, the cumulated incidence of asthma up to 11 years was 5.3% and the prevalence 3% between 10 and 11 years of age. The asthma debut was prior to 1.5 years in 1/3 and before 3 years in 1/2 of the children. Among 59 children examined at 11.5–14.5 years of age, 16 (27%) had no prevalent asthma. On the other hand, inadequate medication was found in 13, undiagnosed chest deformity in four, and wheezing in seven children. All 54 tested children including those with no prevalent asthma had a PC20histaminc<8 mg/ml. Tread mill test gave a significant reaction in 15 children. Animal danders and pollens were the most common allergens giving reactions at skin prick test. Compared to one earlier Swedish study an increase in mite sensitivity was found. Cord‐blood IgE concentration and a positive immediate family history of atopic disease had no predictive value for the severity of asthma at this follow‐up. A new total asthma score including number of days with functional impact of asthma during the last year and present medication was used for group comparisons. Children with a high score at 11.5–14.5 years had more exercise‐induced asthma, more concomitant allergic diseases, earlier asthma start, more chest deformity, hyperreactivity both on tread mill and histamine challenge tests, elevated IgE, positive Phadiatop and more reactions at skin prick test, especially to animals and mites. Bronchial asthma was found more often in children born during August through October, possibly due to unsuitable indoor climate and more virus infections during their first 6 months of life. The severity of the asthma was, however, not influenced by the month of birth. No significant differences were found between boys and girls regarding the age at début, asthma severity at follow‐up, or bronchial histamine

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hedenström H, Wegener T, Boman G, Wåhlander L, Melander B. Effect of inhaled formoterol versus terbutaline on respiratory function in moderate bronchial asthma.In a double‐blind cross‐over study comparing the duration of action of 12 μg and 24 μg formoterol, 500 μg terbutaline and placebo, lung function tests were performed in 12 never‐smokers with non‐allergic bronchial asthma. All the patients were hyperreactive to methacholine, had normal serum IgE level, and negative skin or RAST results. The lung function tests were carried out over an 11‐h period and included measurements of lung volumes, airway resistance, dynamic spirometry, nitrogen single breath wash‐out test and single breath diffusion capacity for CO. The airway resistance and maximal forced expiratory flow tests indicated a pronounced bronchodilator effect without adverse effects of 12 μg and 24 μg formoterol on both large and peripheral airways. Improved intrapulmonary gas distribution measured by the nitrogen wash‐out test and more even distribution of the lung volumes indicating more homogeneous ventilation was seen for approx. 3h after terbutaline and approx. 11 h after 24 μg formoterol. Measurement of the CO diffusion capacity indicates more effective gas diffusion and a better ventilation‐perfusion ratio for at least 11 h, especially after inhalat

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ploug Winthereik M, Spärck JV, Lundberg L, Sompolinsky D. Genetic control of eosinophilia in guinea pig strains inbred for high or low bronchial allergic reactivity. 2. A genetic study of spontaneous and immunization‐induced eosinophilia.In 4 inbred strains of guinea pig the tendency to develop peripheral high‐eosinophilia was shown to be genetically controlled. The development of eosinophilia with age and following immunization was examined in high‐ and low‐eosinophilic parental strains, in F1‐hybrids and in backcross offspring. The results show that probably only one or a very few segregating genes control eosinophilia, and they also indicate that different genes are involved in the determination of spontaneous (age‐related) and immunization‐induce

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Engel A, Lundberg L, Faarup P, Faurschou P. Histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea pigs measured by strain‐gauge transduction. A new method.A new objective method for measuring histaminedihydrochloride‐induced bronchoconstriction in conscious guinea pigs has been developed. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether identical results could be obtained when the clinical observation of conscious guinea pigs with symptoms of respiratory distress (bronchoconstriction) was compared to an objective measuring technique of this parameter. An evaluation of the repeatability of the method was made and the respiration frequence (fR) and histamincdihydrochloride challenge concentration were compared to see whether there was a correlation between the two. Consequently, an appartatus was built that allowed simultaneous recording of breathing pattern and clinical observation of the animal being challenged. The breathing pattern was recorded by a strain‐gauge transducer, connected to a measuring bridge, and the curves obtained on a jet ink x‐y writer were used for calculating changes in duration of expiratory phase (Te) and fR. During the attacks of histaminedihydrochloride‐induced bronchoconstriction a significantly prolonged Tecould be calculated from the respiration curves. A high degree of agreement was found between this objective measure and clinically observed respiratory distress. The repeatability of the method was comparable to that of corresponding methods used for histaminedihydrochloride challenge in man. No obvious correlation was found between changes in fR and histamincdihydrochloride challenge co

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Svendsen UG, Frølund L, Heinig JH, Madsen F, Nielsen NH, Weeke B. High‐dose inhaled steroids in the management of asthma. A comparison of the effects of budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate on pulmonary function, symptoms, bronchial responsiveness and the adrenal function.The efficacy of budesonide (800 μg b.d.) and beclomethasone dipropionate (750 μg b.d.) in controlling the symptoms of asthma, pulmonary function, bronchial responsiveness to histamine, and adrenal function, was assessed in a double‐blind, double‐dummy cross‐over study of 36 adult chronic asthmatic patients. The patients, the majority of whom were assessed to be affected to a severe degree, were insufficiently controlled in their current regimen of inhaled steroids and/or inhaled and oral bronchodilators. A 2 weeks baseline period preceded 6 weeks of treatment with each of the study drugs. Both treatment groups showed improvements from baseline in clinical assessment of lung function carried out after the first 6 weeks of treatment. No significant differences were seen throughout the entire 12 weeks study, when comparing the effects of the treatments on FEV1FVC, PEF or the histamine PC20. Asthma severity, symptom score and inhaled bronchodilator use showed the same results after both treatments. It is concluded that inhalations of budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate in high doses are equally potent in the treatment of severe asthma. There is no significant influence on the adrenal function and no significant side effects during a period equal to that of the pre

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00960.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Saito M, Fujimura M, Sakamoto S, Miyake Y, Shintani H, Yasui M, Matsuda T. Involvement of arachidonate cyclooxygenase products in bronchial hyperresponsiveness induced by subthreshold concentration of aerosolized thromboxane A2 analogue (STA2) in guinea pigs.Effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY‐046) and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin) on bronchial hyperresponsiveness induced by subthreshold concentration of aerosolized thromboxane A2 analogue (STA2) were investigated in anesthetized, artificially ventilated guinea pigs in order to examine the role of the cyclooxygenase pathway in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Pretreatment with aerosolized OKY‐046 significantly inhibited the bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine, but pretreatment with intravenous indomethacin showed a tendency to potentiate bronchial hyperresponsiveness. These results suggest that subthreshold concentration of thromboxane A2 contributes to bronchial hyperresponsiveness through activating the cyclooxygenase pathway including thromboxane A2 synthesis, and that the released cyclooxygenase products have an inhibitory effect on the bronchial hyperresponsiveness in guinea p

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb00961.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY