ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To determine serum levels of IgE and sCD23 and lymphocyte subpopulations, we studied 37 control subjects and 84 patients (27 with allergic rhinitis, 27 with extrinsic asthma, and 30 with intrinsic asthma). A rise in surface CD23 on B and monocyte cells and sCD23 serum levels was exhibited by patients with rhinitis and extrinsic asthma. Unexpectedly, in intrinsic asthmatic patients, high CD23 expression on monocytes and high sCD23 levels were seen that did not result in IgE production. It appears that CD23, in its soluble form, could be a good disease marker, especially in asthma. Atopic patients yielded a significantly lower proportion of CD4+T cells than intrinsic asthmatic patients and normal persons. Otherwise, CD4+CD29+CD45RA ‐ and CD4+CD29 – CD45RA+T‐cell subsets were significantly decreased in all patient g

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many attempts have been made to find screening tests for celiac disease to reduce the need for biopsy, or to achieve better selection criteria before intestinal biopsy. We have recently analyzed apparently healthy blood donors for antigliadin antibodies (AGA) to select subjects for further gastrointestinal investigation. A prevalence of gluten enteropathy of at least 1/256 was found in this population. The positive predictive value (+ PV), however, was only 20%. In the present study we have analyzed IgA antiendomysium antibodies (IgA‐EmA) to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the test, and determine whether or not the + PV of the assay increases when screening for adult celiac disease in an asymptomatic population. We found that asymptomatic persons with celiac disease may have IgA‐EmA. We found a 100% specificity of IgA‐EmA in the tested population of blood donors, whereas the sensitivity was about the same as that of IgA‐AGA. This result of a + PV of 100% indicates that a positive IgA‐EmA could replace biopsy in diagnosing celiac disease. However, further extended studies are needed to determine whether this is applicable in other populations. To screen patients for celiac disease, we recommend the easy and cheap IgA‐AGA assay as a preliminary test and the IgA‐EmA to verify the diagnosis and avoid unneces

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study compared the efficacy and safety of three dose levels of cetirizine (2.5. 5, and 10 mg) once a day with placebo over 14 days in 6–12‐year‐old children with perennial allergic rhinitis. The design was a double‐blind, randomized, multicenter, parallel‐group study. Five symptoms (sneezing, nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, nasal pruritus, and ocular pruritus) were rated according to severity by investigators at the visits and daily by patients. Eighty‐three patients were randomized to placebo, 84 to 2.5 mg cetirizine, 85 to 5 mg cetirizine, and 76 to 10 mg cetirizine. Groups were comparable at inclusion. The primary efficacy variable was the percentage of days with no or only mild symptoms: at all doses, cetirizine appeared to be more effective than placebo, but a significant difference was reached only in the 10‐mg group (difference in medians of 22%;P= 0.016). The test of linearity was significant (P= 0.026) for the percentage of asymptomatic days. The investigators’ assessments at each visit scored the symptoms in the placebo group higher, i.e., more severe, than in the active groups, the 10‐mg dose causing the greatest reduction in symptoms. Adverse events were infrequent and generally mild or moderate in severity. It was concluded that cetirizine at a 10‐mg, once daily dose could be used to treat effectively 6–12‐year‐old children with pe

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study was designed to examine the effect of physical exercise on T‐lymphocyte proliferation in patients with exercise‐induced asthma (EIA). Indeed, a decrease in different immune functions is described in normal man after exercise. Thirty subjects (10 normal and 20 asthmatic subjects with or without EIA) underwent a submaximal exercise test on an electrically driven treadmill. Before and after this test, ventilatory variables were measured, and venous blood was taken to study plasma histamine (RIA) and spontaneous and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐pulsed T‐lymphocyte proliferation (mononuclear cells isolated on Ficoll‐Hypaque; tritiated thymidine incorporation). Ten minutes after the end of the exercise, there was a significant FEV1decrease only in asthmatic subjects with EIA (mean: 24 ± 5%). In the same group, the mean plasma histamine level was 0.31 ng/ml 1 (± 0.06) before the challenge. It rose to 0.62ng/ml‐1(± 0.14) 10 min after the end of the exercise (P<0.05), and returned to normal limits 20 min after the test. In this group, there was also a significant decrease (by about 35%) of spontaneous and PHA‐pulsed T‐lymphocyte proliferation 2 and 4 h after the exercise. By contrast, exercise challenge had no effect on either plasma histamine level or T‐lymphocyte proliferation in the normal group. Our results show a rapid and transient increase in plasma histamine in EIA. This was followed 2 and 4 h later by a significant decrease of T‐lymphocyte proliferation. A possible relationship between these two

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This multicenter, double‐blind, double‐dummy, parallel‐group trial was initiated to compare the efficacy and tolerability of two antihistamines, topical levocabastine (eye‐drops and nasal spray) and oral loratadine, for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the primary care setting. A total of 95 adult patients participated in the study with a treatment duration of 5 weeks. Forty‐seven patients were randomized to receive twice daily levocabastine eye‐drops and nasal spray plus an oral placebo, and 48 to receive once daily oral loratadine with placebo eye‐drops and nasal spray. Naphazoline eye‐drops and xylometazoline nasal spray were permitted as rescue medication. No statistically significant intergroup differences in therapeutic efficacy were observed. Symptom severity was comparable in the two treatment groups throughout the trial period. At the end of the study, 86% of levocabastine‐treated patients considered global therapeutic efficacy to be excellent or good, as compared with 77% of those who received loratadine. This difference was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in the use of rescue medication or in the incidence or severity of adverse events in the two treatment groups. In conclusion, levocabastine eye‐drops and nasal spray appear to be as effective and well tolerated as oral loratadine for the treatment of seasonal allergic

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To investigate the asthma mortality rate in Sweden for the period 1973–88, we reviewed all death certificates for suspected death from asthma coded as 493 of theInternational Classification of Diseases(ICD)‐8 and ICD‐9 for the age group 1–24 years. Age‐related mortality rates were calculated and compared with the results from a previous Swedish study of 1952–72. To identify factors contributing to death, we assessed hospital records. The mortality rate was 3.46 for the period 1973–88 and 3.31 for the earlier period, a net increase of 5%. This small overall increase includes a minor decrease in deaths for the age group 1–14 years and a rather pronounced increase for 15–24‐year‐old asthmatic patients. More deaths among “mild” asthmatic patients were found in the higher age group for 1986–8 than 1973–81. In younger children, asthma was more severe, and no difference was found between the two periods of the study. Asthma mortality is increasing in Sweden in adolescents and young adults, and there is a tendency to increasing mortality from less severe asthma not treated

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied the allergen composition in an extract of the storage miteLepidoglyphus destructor.Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised againstL. destructorby a standard hybridoma technique. In the subsequent screening, we concentrated on mAbs fulfilling three criteria. First, in ELISA, mAbs were assessed against a panel of various mite species, and only those reacting exclusively withL. destructorextract were selected for further analyses. Secondly, mAbs were selected in immunoblotting according to whether or not a novel pattern of reactivity emerged in comparison with earlier results. Thirdly, by radioimmunoassay (RIA), we selected mAbs that recognized components which were also recognized by human IgE from sera RAST positive toL. destructor.This yielded anL. destructor‐specific mAb (117F9) reacting with two previously unknown components of approximately 79 and 93 kDa, respectively. We also analyzed 80 sera for the presence of IgE binding to these components. These sera were divided into three groups according to their RAST specificity. Eighteen of the 30 sera (60%) that were RAST positive toL. destructorwere also positive in RIA. Correlation was moderate between kU/1 forL. destructorand the counts per minute values for the two components in RIA. The group of control sera lacking IgE antibodies againstL. destructordisplayed no positive results in RIA. However, 4/20 sera RAST positive toDermatophagoides pteronyssinusbut negative toL. destructorwere scored as positive in RIA. We conclude that at least one of the high‐mol.‐mass components ofL. destructorcauses IgE‐mediated sensit

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We investigated whether some cases of chronic urticaria of unexplained cause might be related to food allergy which had remained undetected during routine examination. This investigation was undertaken as the consequence of the availability of a newin vitroassay for specific IgE with increased sensitivity. The following three groups of subjects were studied: 1) a control group of 60 nonatopic subjects, 2) 60 patients with allergy to perennial aeroallergens without skin involvement, and 3) 60 patients suffering from chronic urticaria with no evidence of any triggering factor despite careful clinical investigation. Specific IgE against 19 food allergens frequently involved in urticaria were investigated in all subjects with the new CAP System (Pharmacia). Positive results (CAP>0.70 kU/1) for one or more food allergens were found in none of the nonatopic controls, in six of the subjects with respiratory allergy, and in 16 of the urticaria patients. The use of anin vitrotest with an increased sensitivity allowed us to detect a significant prevalence of IgE specific for food allergens in patients with chronic urticaria of unknown origin. This suggests that, in several of those patients, chronic urticaria might be triggered by a food allergy undetected by the usual methods.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY