摘要:

Asthma deaths are uncommon, but have recently increased in some countries due to problems in the management of the disease. Morbidity rates show large variations, which can be attributed to differences in defining the disease, but also to genuine variations, with a trend towards less asthma in northern Europe. It has been suggested that allergic diseases as a whole, and asthma in particular, may exhibit an upward secular trend. Risk factors include a genetic background and environmental triggering factors. The importance of genetic factors is illustrated by family studies and by extreme prevalence rates observed in some communities. Environmental factors include rapid air pollution variations which act as a trigger for asthma attacks. However, at levels currently prevailing in western Europe, air pollutants do not induce a higher incidence of asthma. Altitude generates a gradual decrease in Dermatophagoides, thus explaining both the clinical improvement in asthmatics living in altitude and a lower prevalence of asthma in populations born and living there. Among the other aero‐allergens, grass pollens plays a major role in spring, elicitating asthma attacks. Some natural allergens transformed by man (castor bean, soja) can be responsible for asthma epidemic

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb01624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fourteen adult subjects with stable asthma were treated using a double‐blind crossover, randomised protocol, with either nedocromil sodium (4 mg or 2 mg) or placebo. The agents were administered from matched pressurised aerosol inhalers 30 min before exposure to an exercise regimen which, on a previous screening day, resulted in a 24–53% (mean: 33.9%) decrease in peak expiratory flow (PEF). Both doses of nedocromil sodium were significantly superior to placebo in preventing the exercise‐induced decrease in PEF and were without side effects. This study confirms and extends the results of earlier trials with nedocromil sodium and further supports the contention that this new agent may be of benefit in the treatment of reversible obstructive airways disease in the adult pa

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb01625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We developed an antigen‐ and isotype‐specific ELISA for the rapid detection of native serum immune complexes (IC). It is a sandwich assay, in which a solid phase antigen‐specific capture antibody selectively binds the auitigen‐specific IC via the antigen. The isotype of the bound IC is then identified using an enzyme‐labelled indicator antibody. Using this sensitive assay system, we were able to detect native serum milk whey‐specific immune complexes (SMIC) of the IgG, IgE and IgA isotypes. Detectable amounts of native serum SMIC of all three isotypes were found in sera of the majority of both atopic and non‐atopic subjects. The ELISA was then used to compare the levels of native IgE SMIC in sera of milk RAST positive atopic patients with those found in milk RAST negative atopic patient sera. Milk RAST positive patient sera were found to have significantly higher mean levels (P≥0.005) of native IgE SMIC than milk RAST negative sera. Sera of other atopic individuals were also found to contain significantly higher mean levels (P 0.005) of native IgG and IgA SMIC than non‐atopic donors. IgE IC may specifically be involved in adverse symptoms seen in milk

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb01626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the literature there is considerable variation in the frequency of allergy to the mouldsAlternaria iridisandCladosporium herbarum.In 1985 a 6‐month frequency study was performed in a specialist clinic with a patient population similar to the average specialist and out‐patient clinics in Denmark as regards sex, age, and diagnoses. Allergy was confirmed by use of a purified and standardized extract, and SPT, CPT and RAST were performed. Among the 292 first referrals nine had allergy toAlternaria, and two toCladosporium, corresponding to a frequency of 3.1 (1.0–6.5)% and 0.7 (0.1–3.6)%, respectively, with 99 % confidence limits. Most of the patients were multi‐allergies suffering from rhinoconjunctivitis as well

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb01627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three patients are reported on who suffered anaphylactic reactions after amoxycillin (AX) treatment and challenge but tolerated benzylpenicillin (BP) parenterally and orally. Two of the three patients had positive skin tests and RAST to AX reagents but negative responses to benzyl penicilloyl (BPO) specific skin tests and RAST and the minor determinant mixture (MDM) skin test reagent. The third case was negative to all skin tests and RAST. RAST and RAST inhibition on the two positive sera suggest that the response is related to the acyl side chain of AX.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb01628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The production of histamine releasing factor (HRF) by mononuclear cells (MNC) from intrinsic asthmatic patients has previously been reported (5). In this study, we investigated the effect of preincubation of lymphocytes with autogenic killed bacteria upon the production of HRF. Bacteria were isolated from the sputum, and nasopharyngeal swab obtained from patients and control subjects. MNC from intrinsic asthmatics and healthy controls were preincubated with killed bacteria for 4 h, then washed and cultured for 18 h. HRF activity of the cell‐free supernatants was assayed in the histamine release test using basophils from normal subjects. We found that MNC from the patients spontaneously produce significant amounts of HRF. Preincubation of the cells with autogenic bacterial antigens enhanced HRF production in 12 of 25 patients and only in one of 15 control subjects. No specific bacterial strain was identified as having the sole stimulatory property for HRF production; rather, individual susceptibility predisposes to the ability to produce HRF in response to some common bacteria. When MNC from healthy subjects were preincubated with bacterial antigens isolated from the patients, no enhancement in HRF production was observed. We concluded that MNC from some intrinsic asthmatics are specifically sensitized to certain bacterial antigens and release HRF upon contact with these antigen

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb01629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To investigate whether the overall histamine turnover is increased in patients with atopic dermatitis, without respiratory disease, the urinary excretion of the main histamine metabolite 1,4‐methyl‐imidazoleacetic acid (MIAA) was examined in 23 patients and in 23 age‐ and sex‐matched non‐atopic controls. The patients excreted significantly more MIAA than the controls. One third of the patients however, showed MIAA excretion within or below normal range. The MIAA excretion was neither correlated to the severity of the eczema nor to the total serum IgE. It was concluded that histamine does not play a significant role in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis, and that the great variation in MIAA excretion, and hence the histamine turnover, reflected the spectrum of histamine releasability in the

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb01630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a previous study, 39 adults with grass pollen allergy were hyposensitized for approximately 21/2 years. Treatment was performed in a double‐blind fashion with extract made from timothy grass ‐ either Alutard SQ, 20‐component extract or a purified 2‐component extract, including only the two major allergensPhi pV and VI. Standardized symptom + medicine scores and challenge tests demonstrated a clinical effect, most markedly in the group receiving 20‐component extract. Six years after termination of treatment, 38 patients could be approached and 16 in each group were examined and repeated symptom scoring during the subsequent season. When adjustment for variations in pollen counts were made, medicine + symptom scores stayed low during the follow‐up period. Specific IgE‐antibodies against timothy showed an increase to initial values during the same period, whereas total IgE antibodies remained low. Skin prick test reactions with timothy allergen tended to increase but were still smaller than before treatment. Retrospectively, the patients reported symptoms to have stabilized or even further decreased after termination of treatment, with no significant difference between groups. In conclusion, the clinical effect was still present more than 6 years after termination of treatment. Somein vitroparameters tended to return to pretreatment level. The spontaneous course of the disease in non‐hyposensitized patients was n

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb01631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

“Multidiscs” (md) are cellulose discs to which several allergens are coupled, allowing the simultaneous screening of several specific IgE antibodies. We compared RAST performed with md to RAST performed with the corresponding individual allergens coated on single discs (sd). One hundred and twenty‐two RAST positive samples were analysed for four different allergen groups: moulds, cereals, weed pollens and tree pollens. We found lower RAST sensitivity when screening with mds than with the individual sds in all allergen groups except cereals. In 30 to 70% of the samples, the results were concordant. In 25.5 to 66.7%, md values were lower and in 1.3 to 26.3% higher than sd values. When only qualitative results were considered, the loss of sensitivity appeared acceptable; only 6.7 to 16.7% of the sd positive samples were not detected by md screening. A cost‐benefit analysis, calculated on local data, confirmed economic adv

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb01632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A 10‐year‐old child with asthmatic attacks related to Lathyrus sativus flour inhalation was studied in our department. Skin test and specific bronchial provocation challenge were positive. Specific IgE antibodies to Lathyrus sativus flour was demonstrated by indirect enzyme immunoassay. We suggest that our patient's allergic symptoms were due to the development of Type I allergic reactivity to L. sativus antig

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb01633.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY