摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the methodological difficulties in quantitation of human IgG subclass antibodies to allergens, to describe the subclass nature of the IgG antibody response in patients undergoing allergen‐specific immunotherapy, and to discuss the possible immunological functions and clinical significance of allergen‐specific IgG antibodies of different subclasses. Based on results obtained by use of assays with documented specificity it is concluded that the IgG antibody response during allergen‐specific immunotherapy is IgG1 and IgG4 restricted, although low levels of IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies to some allergens may occur. In most patients the early IgG antibody response is IgG1 dominated and the late IgG4 dominated. A too early or too pronounced IgG4 dominated antibody response seems to indicate a poor clinical outcome of immunotherapy with inhalant allergens, whereas a pronounced early IgG1 antibody production has been found to be associated with a decrease in synthesis of IgE antibodies to an insect venom. It is therefore proposed that an early IgG1 dominated response is necessary to induce suppression of the ongoing IgE antibody production, which in its turn may be a prerequisite for long‐lasting clinical effect. The possibility of induction of an early IgG1 dominated response in every patient by use of alternative immunotherapy procedures is di

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concentration of serum aluminium was examined in hyposensitized subjects receiving subcutaneous injections of solutions of allergens precipitated with or adsorbed to aluminiumhydroxide and in non‐hyposensitized allergies. No correspondence between the serum values and the quantity of aluminium mediated with the injections was found. It was concluded that the investigation did not incriminate this type of treatment in causing rising serum concentrations of aluminiu

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty patients suffering from allergic conjunctivitis, due to birch pollen, participated in a double‐blind parallel group comparison between levocabastine (a potent new specific histamine (H1) antagonist) and placebo, both given as eye drops. Symptom scores were recorded during a 4‐week period. A 1‐week run‐in period was followed by a 3‐week treatment period. To enable a fair evaluation of the treatment effect on the ocular symptoms only, all patients were treated with topical nasal glucocorticoids for possible rhinitis symptoms during the whole study period. Plasma levels of levocabastine were determined in all subjects at the end of the 3 weeks' treatment period. Pollen counts for birch pollen were followed simultaneously. The evaluation of the symptom score cards revealed a significant reduction of ocular symptoms following use of the active compound. The resorption of the active substance through the conjunctiva was low. In accordance with the present trend of more topical treatment for allergic rhinitis, levocabastine may constitute a valuable compound for the topical treatment of allergic conju

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thirty children 8–13 years old, with perennial asthma and with a reversibility of ≥ 20 % in lung function (FEV1) were given a sustained‐release preparation of terbutaline sulphate 5 mg twice a day and ordinary tablets 2.5 mg three times a day; each treatment lasted 1 week. The design of the study was double‐blind, cross‐over, with a randomized allocation of the drugs. Both drugs improved the lung function significantly. The children had significantly less coughing during the night when they took depot tablets than when they took ordinary tablets. The side effects were few with both treatments. Most of the patients preferred the depo

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Procaterol, a new beta‐2 adrenoceptor stimulant, was studied in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial in patients with bronchial asthma. Oral procaterol 50μg b.d., procaterol 100 μg b.d., and terbutaline 5 mg t.i.d., were compared when given randomly in 1‐week treatment periods. The best clinical effect was found with terbutaline. Both anti‐asthmatic and tremorgenic effects of procaterol were dose‐related. Procaterol appeared effective in the doses tested, and a twice daily regimen would appear to be suitable

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eight asthmatic out‐patients with a history of exercise‐induced asthma (EIA) were randomly treated with intravenously administered enprofylline 1.5 mg/kg b.wt., theophylline 5 mg/kg b.wt., and placebo immediately prior to a 6‐min exercise provocation in this double‐blind crossover comparison. A reduction in peak flow of more than 20% was seen in all patients after placebo pre‐treatment. Mean plasma concentrations at the start of the exercise test were 3.3 mg/1 and 13.2 mg/1 after 20 min infusion of enprofylline and theophylline, respectively. The corresponding figures 25 min later were 2.3 and 11.7, respectively. Maximal fall in peak expiratory flow (PEF) after exercise in percent of pre‐exercise PEF was 49%± 6% (mean ± SEM), 39%± 6% and 24%± 5% after infusion of placebo, enprofylline, and theophylline, respectively. Theophylline produced a statistically significant better protection against EIA compared to enprofylline and placebo. Enprofylline produced a slight protection from EIA not statistically significantly differe

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dialysed extracts of alder (Alnus glutinosa) and hazel (Corylus avellana) pollens were characterized by immunochemical methods. The alder pollen extract contained at least 33 distinct antigens of which one, antigen 5, was classified as a major allergen, three, antigens 4, 10, and 17, were classified as intermediate allergens and two, antigens 19 and 23, were classified as minor allergens. The molecular weight and pI of the major allergen were determined to be 19,000 D and 5.2, respectively. The hazel pollen extract contained at least 40 distinct antigens, two of which were classified as major allergens, antigens 8 and 13, three as intermediate allergens, antigens 12, 17, and 26, and seven as minor allergens, antigens 6, 11, 16, 18, 29, 39, and 40. The molecular weights and pI's of the major allergens of hazel pollen were determined to be: antigen 8; Mw = 12,000 D, pI = 5.1 and<3.5, antigen 13; Mw = 26,000 D, pI = 5.1. Further, crossed line immunoelectrophoresis and tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis of alder, birch and hazel strongly indicate that there exists an immunochemical partial identity between the major allergens (antigens 5 (alder), 23 (birch), and 13 (hazel)) from these tree pollens.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to evaluate the effect of Verapamil on human cutaneous anaphylactic responses, ragweed‐sensitive individuals were skin tested with ragweed, ragweed plus Verapamil, and Verapamil alone. In addition, using a skin chamber technique, the effect of Verapamil on antigen‐induced histamine releasein vivowas investigated. The results suggest that Verapamil, applied locally in non‐irritant doses, does not affect Type I hypersensitivity skin reac

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Our studies on histamine release from normal washed leucocytes sensitised with sera of children allergic to various inhaled and ingested allergens show that besides IgE, IgG4 present in these sera was capable of sensitising leucocytes of normal donors, and these leucocytes released histamine on challenge with anti‐IgG4. By contrast, antisera of other subclasses of IgG released very small amounts of histamine from sensitised leucocytes. A discordant correlation between skin tests and RAST IgE was observed in some children. Significantly greater amounts of histamine were released from normal leucocytes sensitised with serum from these children when challenged with anti‐IgG4 compared to anti‐IgE. These studies indicate that IgG4 merits further study as a reaginic marker in atopic diseases of the children with possible prognostic signifi

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ciclosporin (Cs) inhibits the elaboration of the lymphokine leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) from human blood mononuclear cells (MNC) stimulated with recall antigen. This inhibition was counteracted by 3 × lO‐5M dibutyryl‐cyclic GMP and 8‐bromo‐eyclic GMP and by the cyclic GMP‐agonists, sodium nitroprausside (NaNPr), ascorbic acid (As A), sodium azide (NaN3) and carbacholine. Using 5 × 10‐5M NaNPr, 1 × 10‐3M NaN3, or 3 × 10‐3M As A, 25–50‐, 4–8‐ and 2–3‐fold elevations of MNC and T‐lymphocyte cyclic GMP‐levels were obtained independently of the presence of Cs. NaNPr was the most potent of these three cyclic GMP‐agonists in counteracting the effect of Cs. The results indicate that intracellular cyclic GMP is a major factor involved in the reversal of Cs induced inhibition of LIF‐production. None of the cyclic GMP‐analogues or ‐agonists by themselves possessed Interleukin 1‐like activity, measured by their ability to induce LIF‐production by macrophage‐de

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY