ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00748.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs interfere with the diuretic activity of furosemide, implying that this effect is at least partially dependent on renal prostaglandin synthesis. To investigate whether prostaglandin production could also modulate the bronchial antireactive activity of this diuretic drug, we investigated the effect of inhaled Iysine acetylsalicylate (162 mg) and of furosemide (18 mg), alone and in combination, on the bronchial obstructive response to ultrasonically nebulized water in asthmatic patients. The study was also prompted by the conflicting results obtained in previous studies of oral nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs. Fifteen asthmatic patients underwent bronchial challenge with a mist of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water at the same time of day on four occasions, 2–4 days apart, 15 min after premedication according to a double‐blind, randomized protocol. After placebo, mean PD15to water mist did not differ from a preliminary test (2.1 ± 0.2 and 2.5 ± 0.4 ml, M ± SE, respectively). After lysine acetylsalicylate, mean PD., rose to 5.0 ± 0.7 ml (2.8 ± 0.6 times higher than placebo); after furosemide, to 9.0± 1.5 ml (4.4 ± 0.9 times over placebo); and after the two drugs in combination, to 32.2 ± 5.6 ml (16.3 ± 3.0 times higher than placebo). Similar results were obtained with inhaled indomethacin, whereas sodium salicylate had no effect. These data indicate that the bronchial antireactive activity of inhaled furosemide is greatly enhanced by inhaled lysine acetylsalicylate through a mechanism which probably involves inhibition of the local synthesis of prostaglandins, and could have therapeutic

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the airways inflammation observed in asthma, activated macrophages are present in increased numbers. Adhesion molecules are required for the cell: cell contacts between leukocytes and endothelial cells or other leukocytes, and they are induced by inflammatory stimuli. We studied the expression of two adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1 and LFA‐1) on alveolar macrophages recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage from 11 normal subjects and 13 asthmatic patients by using immunocytochemistry. Two specific monoclonal antibodies were used, and the reaction was revealed by the alkaline phosphatase‐antialkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. The percentage of cells expressing ICAM‐1 or LFA‐1 was significantly increased in asthmatic patients, as compared with normal subjects (P<0.001 andP<0.002, respectively; Mann‐Whitney U test), and there was a significant correlation with the percentage of cells expressing both markers in asthma (P<0.03, Spearman rank test). This study highlights the importance of macrophages in the inflammation of asthma and suggests that macrophage interactions with other cells play a role in this i

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have demonstrated in sensitized rats that the immediate response to endointestinal challenge with allergen (10‐6M ovalbumin) is characterized by mucosal exudation of plasma with little or no concomitant change in the mucosal absorption capacity. The luminal entry of plasma macromolecules also leaves the light microscopic structure and the ultrastructure of the mucosa unaffected. It is possible that the plasticity of epithelial zonulae occludens allows a noninjurious and unidirectional paracellular flux of extravasated plasma into the gut lumen. We propose that inflammatory‐stimulus‐induced mucosal exudation of plasma belongs to the first‐line defense mechanisms of the intact lining of the in

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For evaluation of two methods of nasal cell identification, cell morphology and immunocytologic analysis, nasal lavage was performed in 16 healthy subjects and 29 patients suffering from rhinitis. Nasal lavage smears were stained with May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa (MGG), and cells were identified according to their structure as epithelial cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and metachromatic cells (basophils and mast cells). Immunocytologic analysis was performed with monoclonal antibodies by the immunoalkaline phosphatase method. The following monoclonal antibodies were used: CK1, EG2, and CD3, which identify epithelial cells, activated eosinophils, and T lymphocytes, respectively; CD 15, which recognizes mature granulocytic cells; and CD 14, which reacts with monocytes and macrophages. A significant difference was observed between the two methods in the number of identified epithelial cells, in both controls (64.6 ± 7.8% with MGG, 14.2 ± 3.5% with CK1 analysis) and patients with rhinitis (56.9 ± 7.6% with MGG, 18.2 ± 3.7% with CK1 analysis). In contrast, no significant differences were found in eosinophil and neutrophil counts when the two methods were compared. After nasal allergic provocation, a significant increase in the number of eosinophils was observed with both methods in seven patients with rhinitis. The results of this study indicate that: 1) MGG staining is a useful method to identify the cells obtained by nasal lavage, and 2) immunocytologic analysis with monoclonal antibodies accurately identifies granulocytic cells, while only a low proportion of epithelial cells are detected, probably because anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody reacts only with viab

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hypersensitivity toParietaria officinalis(wall pellitory) pollen and other environmental allergens was studied in pollinosis patients allergic toP. officinalispollen who were born in areas withoutP. officinalisand later moved to the city of Split, whereP. officinalisis responsible for some 65% of pollinosis cases. Highly significant positive correlations were found for both the intensity of skin test reaction and concentration of specific serum IgE with the length of residence in the area. In contrast, the respective data on subjects hypersensitive toP. officinalispollen allergen, but born and living in the area of Split, revealed a tendency to negative correlation between age and intensity of hypersensitivity toP. officinalis.A number of patients from both groups were tested for presence of serum IgE antibodies specific for 14 common environmental allergens. Hypersensitivity toP. officinalispollen was associated with hypersensitivity to olive, mugwort, and birch pollen in newcomers; hypersensitivity to birch and, to some extent, olive pollen was significantly more frequent in newcomers than in autochthonous patients who were allergic toP. officinalispollen. Regardless of whether the patients were autochthons or newcomers to the area withP. officinalis, hypersensitivity toP. officinalismostly excluded hypersensitivity toDermatophagoides farinaeandD. pteronyssinus, and vice versa.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For evaluation of the effect of levocabastine pretreatment on allergen‐induced rhinitis symptoms, changes in nasal washings, and nasal responsiveness to histamine, 12 asymptomatic patients with documented allergic rhinitis participated in a single‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Eight‐day treatment with levocabastine (twice in each nostril, four times a day) caused significant reduction in nasal symptoms and inflammatory cell influx after allergen challenge, as compared with placebo administration. Levocabastine inhibited increased nasal reactivity to histamine induced by allergen provocation, as controlled by rhinitis symptoms and albumin level in nasal washings. These data reveal a high effectiveness of levocabastine in the prevention of allergen‐induced rhinitis symptoms. Moreover, its inhibitory effect on inflammatory cell influx and hyperresponsiveness to histamine suggest that levocabastine is more than a simple H1‐receptor

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

From 1 July 1990 to 31 December 1991, all patients referred to the Allergy Section of the ENT Department, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, (n=678) answered a 134‐item questionnaire presented on the screen of a personal computer by pressing Y (for yes) or N (for no) on the keyboard. The objective of this study was to compare the questionnaire responses from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) with those of patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis or vasomotor rhinitis (VMR). Nasal blockage was the predominant symptom in the VMR group, whereas the AR patients mainly suffered from eye irritation, sneezing, and, to some extent, rhinorrhea. Concomitant asthma was more prevalent in the AR group than in the VMR group, whose histories were characterized by symptoms associated with airway infections. About 60% of both groups reported problems with such nonspecific airway irritants as cigarette smoke and perfumes. With respect to the diagnostic reliability of the history, in the AR group the order of accuracy (according to the skin prick test results) of reported hypersensitivity to allergens was as follows: cat>timothy>birch>dust mite>mugwort. A history of hypersensitivity to molds as a cause of symptoms was of no diagnostic value. The findings suggest that there are several differences in the medical histories of AR and VMR patients that merit further investigatio

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alveolar macrophages and mast cells isolated from guinea pig lung were passively sensitized with IgG1, IgG2, or serum obtained from guinea pigs actively sensitized with ovalbumin. The release of histamine by mast cells and of thromboxane A2 by alveolar macrophages upon ovalbumin challenge indicated that both antibodies and serum were capable of sensitizing these cells with similar effectiveness. Heating the scrum at 56°C for 4 h to inactivate IgE did not modify the antigen‐dependent response of lung cells. These results suggest a predominant role for IgG in the allergic response of the guinea pig through the activation of different cell types such as lung mast cells and alveolar macrophag

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY