ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

IgE levels in faecal extracts (Copro‐IgE levels) were investigated in food allergy (EA) patients before and after the challenge test administration of food assay. In addition, the effects of administration of oral sodium cromoglycate (SCG) on the Copro‐IgE levels were studied. Copro‐IgE levels in patients with FA, who were placed on an elimination diet, did not differ from those of healthy children. After a challenge test immediate symptoms of urticaria and wheezing were observed in all FA patients. Copro‐IgE levels in each patients increased markedly within 24 h of the challenge test. Moreover, FA patients treated orally with SCG showed neither and increase in Copro‐IgE levels nor any remarkable symptoms after the challenge. Our results suggest that the increased Copro‐IgE levels may be a specific consequence of the local immune response to food allergen stimulation in the

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Leukotriene (LT) E4represents the major LT metabolite in man, and its urinary excretion can be used as an indirect marker of systemic LTC4and/or LTD4synthesis and release. In the present study LTE4excretion was monitored for 24 h in 12 atopic patients with mild asthma undergoing antigen bronchoprovocation as part of a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, two‐period cross‐over study of the aerosol‐delivered LTD4antagonist, L‐648,051. Urinary LTE4excretion was also studied separately in six of the patients after inhaling only diluent. Urine was sampled before, and serially after antigen challenge, at intervals corresponding to the immediate (0–3 h postchallenge) and late (3–6, 6–12, 12–24 h postchallenge) asthmatic reactions. LTE4was determined by reversed‐phase HPLC and radioimmunoassay. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV), was recorded serially through 8 h after inhalation of antigen and diluent. Compared to base‐line measurements, antigen bronchoprovocation induced significant increases in mean LTE4excretion rates 0–3 h postchallenge (i.e. during the immediate asthmatic response) after treatment with both placebo (P<0.01) and L‐648,051 (P<0.05). These mean LTE4excretion rates in the immediate phase were also significantly higher than the mean rates in the late phase (3–6 h and beyond); the excretion rates of LTE4at these later time intervals were similar to base‐line values. After inhalation of diluent, the LTE4excretion rates in the intervals 0–3, 3–6, 6–12 and 12–24 h were unchanged from base‐line values. Administration of L‐648,051 caused a modest but significant inhibition of the immediate airway response, whereas the late response was not significantly reduced. The LTE4excretion rates did not correlate with the maximum percent falls in FEV, after antigen challenge in the immediate or the late phases. These results suggest that peptidoleukotrienes are released by inhaled antigen in atopic asthmatic patients, and suggest a direct involvement of le

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We studied the effect of the inhaled leukotriene D4antagonist, L‐648,051, on antigen‐induced bronchoconstriction and nonspecific bronchial reactivity. Ten males with mild atopic asthma completed a double‐blind, randomized, two‐period, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study. For a 7‐day period patients inhaled either placebo or 6 mg of L‐648,051 four times daily. Bronchial reactivity to methacholine was measured at base line (day 1) and after 6 days, treatment (day 7). On day 8, after inhaling 6 mg of the antagonist (or placebo), the patients were challenged by inhaled antigen; they received an additional 6 mg of the antagonist (or placebo) 3 h later. Pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FEV1) was measured serially through an 8‐h post‐antigen challenge. Nonspecific airway reactivity was again measured on day 9. Compared to placebo, L‐648,051 treatment diminished the methacholine reactivity, on both day 7 (NS) and on day 9 (P<0.05). In addition, the immediate and late bronchial responses to antigen challenge on day 8 were attenuated in the patients when treated with L‐648,051. In the immediate phase (0–3 h postchallenge), the airway response was significantly reduced at all recordings between 20 min and 1 h postchallenge. In the late phase (3–8 h postchallenge), the pulmonary response was also reduced. However, the reduction was statistically significant only at the 5–h recording. The results suggest that sulfidopeptide leukotrienes are of importance for nonspecific airway reactivity, and that leukotriene D4is a significant mediator in the

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ten adult patients with a medical history of immediate allergic reactions following ingestion of minute amounts of codfish were examined together with 27 control subjects (8 nonatopics, 7 pollen allergies, and 12 suffering from atopic dermatitis) all regularly ingesting codfish without experiencing reactions. All 37 subjects were evaluated by skin prick test, RAST, and histamine release test in order to determine the value of these commonly used diagnostic tests. The results were compared to titrated, oral, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs) with fresh codfish undertaken in the 10 patients, whereas all control subjects were classified as challenge‐negative according to their questionnaires. Totally, 7 of 10 medical histories were confirmed by DBPCFC, and in these most of the reported symptoms proved reproducible. Oropharyngeal itching and swelling occurred as the first symptom, always preceding the onset of any accompanying symptom. For identification of DBPCFC‐positive subjects, skin prick test and RAST proved to be the most sensitive tests (7/7), and all tests showed specificities of 90–97%. The skin prick test still seems reliable but does not, however, exclude the need f

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Histamine release (HR) studies were performed in 40 birch pollen‐allergic patients (positive case history, positive SPT, positive birch pollen‐specific serum IgE: RAST ≤ 3) with (n= 20, A) and without (n= 20, B) fruit hypersensitivity, and 10 nonatopic volunteers (C). Several fruit allergens were used and characterized by protein determination and immunoblot techniques. Dose‐dependent HR (apple peel = apple pulp>peach = cherry) was demonstrated in both allergic groups, but to a higher extent in patients with fruit allergy (P<0.01). Increased basophil sensitivity to birch pollen was found in the group with fruit allergy (P<0.001). Strong correlations between the mediator response induced by several fruits indicate common allergens within the extracts. We conclude that fruit‐related symptoms require not only high specific serum IgE, but a strong cellular sensitization to birch pollen allergens together with an increased cellular reactivity to fruit

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Histamine inhibitsin vitrohuman neutrophil chemotaxis and T‐lymphocyte proliferation via H2receptors. The aim of this study was to verify these inhibitory effects of histamine in manin vivo.Healthy volunteers were challenged with histamine by intravenous (1 mg), subcutaneous (1 mg) and inhalatory (2.4 mg) routes. Venous blood was taken before and at different times after challenge. Neutrophil chemotaxis was studied by the Boyden assay and T‐lymphocyte proliferation by counting H3‐thymidine incorporation in cultured mononuclear cells. Plasma histamine was measured by radioimmunoassay. Histamine infusion caused transient systemic symptoms as well as a significant decrease of neutrophil chemotaxis (x̄−26%± 6) and of PHA‐pulsed T‐lymphocyte proliferation (x̄−16%± 6) 4 h after histamine challenge. Subcutaneous injection of histamine caused only a significant decrease of neutrophil chemotaxis (x̄−24%± 15) 4 h after injection. Histamine inhalation was well tolerated and caused a significant depression of neutrophil chemotaxis (x̄−40%± 15) and of T‐lymphocyte proliferation (x̄−27%± 6) 2 and 4 h after the challenge. Histamine challenges were always accompanied by a rapid and transient rise in plasma histamine. Inhalation of an H3agonist (impromidine) but not of an H2agonist (betahistine) caused a decrease of neutrophil chemotaxis and of T‐lymphocyte proliferation. Oral pretreatment with an H1antagonist (cimetidine) before histamine inhalation prevented histamine‐induced decrease of neutrophil chemotaxis and T‐lymphocyte proliferation, whereas astemizole, an H3antagonist, had no effect. In conclusion, during the few hours following administration, exogenous histamine in man causes a depression of neutrophil chemotaxis and T‐lymphocyte proliferation via H2receptors. These observations are consistent with the concept that endogenous histamine may exert some modulatory effects

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The main objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of astemizolein vitroin blocking the release of histamine from blood of patients with allergic rhinitis. The results of this investigation indicated that astemizole inhibited allergen‐mediated histamine release from blood basophils of patients with this allergic disorder. The inhibition by astemizole (33–156 μmol) was immediate, requiring no pre‐incubation of the cells, and was dose‐dependent, with maximal inhibition of about 91%. The relatively high potency of astemizole in inhibiting the immunologic release of histamine may provide an additional measure in the treatment of allergic rhinitis with this H i‐receptor

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of a microdialysis technique for measurement of interstitial histamine levels in intact human skin. Three allergic subjects were investigated. Single dialysis fibers were glued to nylon tubings and inserted in forearm skin by means of a fine cannula. Dialysis fibers were inserted in triplicate and perfused with isotonic saline at a rate of 3 μl/min. After a period of 2 h a 60‐μl base‐line period was established. Then the patients were skin prick tested (SPT) with allergen in duplicate and a single saline control. Dialysate was collected in consecutive 30 μl fractions. Histamine concentration in the dialysate was analyzed with a glass fiber fluorescence assay. Median base‐line histamine level was 4 (range 4–7) ng/ml. Following allergen SPT, dialysate histamine concentration increased to 81 ng/ml (74–128), with maximum values 10–20 min after SPT. Intraindividual coefficient of variation on peak histamine levels was 18.9%. No histamine increase was seen following saline SPT. We consider microdialysis to be a valuable method for assessment of allergic mechanisms in int

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1992.tb02387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY