ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study is to investigate whether H1‐receptor antagonists, besides their effect on nasal itching and sneezing, also have a measurable effect on nasal obstruction caused by allergen challenge. The antihistamine used was astemizole (10 mg) versus placebo, in a double‐blind, cross‐over, randomized study of two groups. Between the two sessions there was a wash‐out period of at least 4 weeks. Seven patients of both sexes, with proven allergy to grass pollen, underwent a specific long‐term provocation with grass pollen in the Vienna challenge chamber. Using a physiological method of challenge and a sensitive method for evaluating nasal function, we were able to prove H1‐receptor antagonist influence on nasal airway obstruction. The main parameters obtained arc nasal flow and nasal resistance at 75, 150 and 300 Pa, evaluated by active anterior rhinomanometry. We also investigated subjective symptom scores (0–3) of nasal, eye. and lung symptoms. It can be shown that the nasal flow under astemizole treatment is statistically significantly higher than the nasal flow under placebo treatment (P= 0.034). This is in accordance with the findings in subjective nasal itching

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Guinea pigs were sensitized and boostered with i.p. injections of ovalbumin (OA) 10 μg + Al(OH)3, 100 mg. Thirteen days after the last injection animals (800‐1100 g) were placed in bias flow ventilated whole body plethysmographs and allowed to stabilize for 2 h. Lung function was recorded for up to 2 h before and 5 h after aeroallergen challenge (OA 20 mg/ml, 60 s, 20 psi)by a noninvasive pulmonary analyzer for unrestrained rodents. Aeroallergen challenge produced immediate dyspnea and gasping (peaking between 8 and 17 min). Gasping was associated with an increase in amplitude in the box pressure fluctuations (93%), and in the slope of the fluctuations (391%). Respiratory rate increased (103 to 175 breaths/min. 78%), the product of breathing rate times box pressure amplitude increased (161 to 432, 180%). Relaxation time (the time it takes the box pressure signal to drop from its peak to 1/3 of its peak value) declined (0.16 to 0.05 s. 72%). All of these lung dysfunction changes were highly significant (p<0.001). Lung dysfunction persisted for 60 to 120 min after challenge. One of 8 animals tested died within 10 min. None of the animals exhibited late asthmatic responses during the 5 h post‐challenge period. Based on these data we conclude that this technique allows quantitative analysis of dyspnea, gasping, and an abnormal pattern (waveform) of breathing. The increase in the slope of the fluctuations, especially at the start of expiration, the concomitant decline in relaxation time, and increased pause time between respiratory cycles appear to be reliable and reproducible markers of early asthmatic responses in the airways of freely moving guinea

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Our examination of 225 subjects who had been exposed to the insect allergenChi tI involved the degree of allergen exposure, the exposure‐associated symptoms, and their relationship to the presence of specific IgE and IgG antibodies as well as sensitization to ubiquitous allergens. It could be shown that specific IgE antibodies found in 34% of these subjects were closely associated with symptoms (P<0.01), whereas no relationship between IgG antibodies and complaints could be observed. Conjunctivitis (63%) and rhinitis (62%) were predominant, followed by asthma (45%) and urticaria (37%). Antibody levels of patients suffering from asthma were highest. In addition, symptoms were associated with the degree of exposure. While nearly all IgE‐sensitized subjects of the medium‐, high‐, and very high‐exposure group were symptomatic, only 57% of the sensitized individuals of the low‐exposure group reported complaints. Furthermore, specific IgE antibodies were most frequently present in the groups with medium (46%) and high (54.5%) exposure, whereas IgG antibodies predominated in individuals with very high exposure (69.1%). In the low‐exposure group, most subjects (73.6%) had neither IgE nor IgG antibodies.In addition, withinChi tI sensitized subjects, sensitization to common allergens and elevated total IgE levels were more frequently present than within non‐Chi t1 sensitized individuals, indicating a predisposi

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether recent and previous subclinical viral respiratory infection can explain the presence of increased bronchial responsiveness to histamine. We studied a randomly selected population of 495 children and adolescents, aged 7–16 years, from Copenhagen. If the subjects had had symptoms of respiratory infection recently, the examination was postponed for at least 6 weeks. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to inhaled histamine was found in 79 (16%) of the subjects, of whom 28 had asthma. Forty‐eight subjects (10%) had increased levels of serum IgM antibodies against either parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), reflecting a recently acquired infection. No association between BHR and antibodies against respiratory viruses was found, as 7 (8.9%) of the 79 subjects with BHR and 41 (9.9%) of the 416 subjects without BHR had viral antibodies. Furthermore, no association between degree of bronchial responsiveness and viral antibodies was found. Moreover, 251 individuals (51%) had signs of earlier RSV infection, i.e. IgG antibodies against RSV. No relationship was found between age of the subjects and the presence of antibodies against either respiratory viruses in general or IgG‐RSV. No relationship was found between the presence of antibodies against RSV and BHR; furthermore, evidence of earlier RSV infection was unrelated to the level of lung function and degree of bronchial responsiveness. We conclude that increased bronchial responsiveness in asymptomatic, unselected schoolchildren and adolescents is not likely to be caused by recent or previous viral respiratory infec

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Olea europaea(olive) pollen extract was prepared by aqueous extraction and characterized by biochemical and immunochemical methods. Two components, displaying respective mol. wt. of 17000 and 19000, were the most reactive allergens, being the doublet (designatedOle eI) recognized by most sera tested. The 19000 mol. wt. component, purified by conventional biochemical procedure and lectin‐affinity chromatography from theOle eI doublet, was deglycosylated and analyzed by SDS–PAGE and by ELISA inhibition. The results obtained suggest that the 19000 mol. wt. component represents the glycosylated form of the 17000 compon

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The major cat allergenFel dI is a homodimer of which each monomer consists of two disulfide‐linked polypeptide chains: chain 1 (70 amino acid residues) and chain 2 (92 amino acid residues). Twenty‐one synthetic peptides of 14 amino acid residues length, overlapping by seven residues and spanning the entire sequence of both chains, were synthesized. These peptides were coupled to CNBr‐activated Sepharose‐4B and used as solid‐phase antigens in epitope‐mapping studies with monoclonal antibodies against native and reduced/alkylatedFel dI.Two monoclonal antibodies directed against reduced/alkylated chain I bound to the overlapping peptides 53–66 and 60–70 of chain 1. The monoclonal antibody directed against reduced/alkylated chain 2 bound to the overlapping peptides 36–49 and 43–56 of chain 2. Binding specificity was demonstrated by inhibition by reduced/alkylatedFel dI for all three monoclonal antibodies.Another monoclonal antibody against reduced/alkylatedFel dI had been found to bind predominantly to reduced/alkylated chain 2 on immunoblot in previous studies (27). It bound to peptides 1–16 and 60–70 of chain 1 and peptides 1–14 and 50–63 of chain 2; it is therefore probably directed against a conformational epitope formed by these four regions. Possibly because of low affinity of this monoclonal antibody, specificity of its binding could not be verified by inhibition studies.A panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against nativeFel dI bound to peptides 1‐16 and 60–70 of chain 1 and peptides 1–14 and 43–56 of chain 2. For two monoclonal antibodies, binding to each peptide was investigated and shown to be inhibitable by nativeFel dI. These antibodies are therefore probably directed against a conformational epitope formed by these four regions.These studies give us substantial information abou

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since one of the greatest reservoirs of allergens is the blanket, we assessed mite allergen levels in dust collected from five blankets by vacuuming before and after dry cleaning with perchlorethylene and compared the results with five control blankets. Assays with monoclonal antibodies showed that group I (Der pI andDer fI) mite allergen levels per g dust were 78%, lower after dry cleaning. Group 1 allergen levels per m2of dry‐cleaned blankets were 98% lower. RAST inhibition showed that total allergen levels decreased 70% after dry cleaning. Mite allergens were not denatured by perchlorethylene. The effect of dry cleaning resulted from physical washing out of dust and allergen

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to determine the pulmonary function in former and present asthmatics. We examined 77 persons aged 12–24 years, classified into four groups: 1) healthy subjects (controls) (n= 19), 2) former asthmatics (n= 19), 3) present mild asthmatics (n= 20), and 4) present severe asthmatics (n= 19). Although exhibiting no respiratory symptoms, former asthmatics had reduced airflow values measured by FEV, (median (range) 89.7 (83–99) vs 101.4 (91–110)) and MEF25(76.5 (68–94) vs 103.0 (97–124)), as compared with controls. Furthermore, former asthmatics had significantly increased PEF variability, as compared with controls, whereas no significant differences were found in static lung parameters, i.e. total lung capacity and residual volume, as compared with controls. In conclusion, former asthmatics, although now exhibiting no respiratory symptoms, were found to have obstructive airflow limitation, increased bronchial responsiveness, and normal lun

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The pollen of canary grass, which was introduced as a pasture grass from Europe, is a major allergen in the external environment of southern Australia. Seventeen allergenic fractions of canary grass pollen, ranging in mol. mass from 14 to 100 kDa. have been identified by immunoblotting, using IgE antibodies from sera of 24/30 grass‐pollen‐allergic subjects. The highest frequency of IgE binding (77%) was to a major 34‐kDa fraction (tentatively designatedPha aI). This protein bas been partially purified and identified as a group I allergen by immunodepletion experiments, with partially purifiedLol pI (from rye‐grass pollen), atopic serum, andLol pI‐specific MAb. In addition, microsequencing of theN‐terminus ofPha aI showed an amino acid sequence identical toLol pI. In a separate study. IgE binding to Western blots ofPha aI,Lol pI. andCyn dI was investigated in 24 sera and found to occur in 19/24. 18/24, and 9/24. respectively. IgE binding to ail three major allergens, and to bothPha aI andLol pI, occurred in 8/24 sera. Our findings suggest that while tbeN‐terminal sequence ofPha aI is identical toLol pI, there may be specific allergenic epitopes exclusive to this allergen that are important for allergenicity in south

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY