摘要:

Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS‐A) is an important chemical mediator of bronchial asthma. Leukotriene C4is a component of SRS‐A and is synthesized from arachidonic acid. Its synthesizing and releasing processes are found to he Ca2+‐dependent. We developed anin vivoinhalation asthma model, mainly mediated by SRS‐A, and elucidated the relationship between a Ca2+‐antagonist, nicardipine, and SRS‐A. In the asthmatic model, mediated by endogenous SRS‐A induced by antigen inhalation, continuous intravenous infusion of nicardipine 7 μg/kg/min depressed the open airway pressure by about 60% compared with the saline‐treated group. Inhibition of mean pulmonary resistance (RL) was about 50% and that of the inverted value of dynamic compliance (1/Cdyn) about 36%. However, the same concentration of nicardipine did not significantly affect the airway response in the asthmatic model induced by the inhalation of leukotriene C4. These results suggest that nicardipine, at the concentration used in the present study, did not block the direct effect of SRS‐A on the smooth muscle, but blocked the Ca2+influx required for the synthesis of SRS

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prevalence of sensitization was studied in a group of 76 foundry workers with occupational exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Ten workers had clinical evidence of asthma, 40 had non‐asthmatic respiratory symptoms, and 26 were asymptomatic. Specific IgE antibodies to MDI were found in two workers (2.6%) and specific IgG antibodies, in five workers (6.6%). The prevalence of IgE and IgG antibodies was higher in the 10 subjects with asthma than in the non‐asthmatic group. The prevalence of anti‐paratolyl‐monoisocyanate antibodies was not significantly different from that of anti‐MDI antibodies, and both haptenic determinants displayed a high degree of cross‐reactivity in the RAST inhibition test. The role of humoral immunological mechanisms in MDI‐induced asthma is unclear in view of the rather low prevalence of these serum antibodies in this gro

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Oral hyposensitization is still widely used in the treatment of allergic diseases, but controlled studies proving a beneficial effect are lacking. Fifty‐eight bay fever patients were admitted to a double‐blind placebo efficacy study in oral hyposensitization. An enterosoluble tablet containing timothy whole pollen or placebo was taken daily. Preseasonally, the actively treated patients received 4,315,000 PNU (880,260 AUR) and totally for 6 months 8,915,000 PNU (1,818,660 AUR). Such high doses have never been tried in similar studies. A new principle has been used ‐ “the pollen count interval method” ‐ in the evaluation of symptom and medication score. The study failed to prove any beneficial effect of oral hyposensitization measured by symptom score, medication score, nasal provocation test or skin prick test. There was no change in timothy specific IgE and IgG which could be caused by the treatment. The possibility that oral hyposensitization might be an effective treatment of hay fever in the future is discussed, but it is concluded that the present regimens cannot be

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐two coffee roastery workers with work‐related symptoms of various degree from the eyes, nose or bronchi were tested with partly purified water‐soluble extract from dust of green coffee beans (GCB). Eighteen persons had a positive prick test, eight a positive bronchial provocation test and seven a positive nasal provocation test. Fourteen had a positive methacholine test, indicating unspecific bronchial hyperreactivity. Specific IgE antibodies to GCB extract were found in sera of 11 workers and to castor bean (CB) extract in 16. The workers measured their lung function with an air flow meter, three times a day for 1 week, and the values were lower in the second half of the week for the workers with IgE antibodies to GCB, but not for the others. It is concluded that the case history, prick test, RAST, and simple lung function tests for one or a few weeks are the best tools when investigating occupational allergy. When the allergen is unknown, but the occurrence of an IgE‐mediated allergy is suspected, serial lung function measurements and determinations of total serum IgE, in addition to taking a careful case history, are valuable methods with which to start the invest

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The reproducibility of skin prick test using histamine dihydrochloride 1, 5, and 10 mg/ml was tested by three nurses in five non‐atopics in a double‐blind trial. The variations day‐to‐day, within‐day, between and for the same tester were calculated. Seventy‐five percent of wheal reactions obtained by histamine 1 mg/ml were<15 mm2. With histamine 5 mg/ml there were only a few wheals15 mm2 was between 20–30%, in contrast to figures between 30‐60% with wheals<15 mm2. No significant day‐to‐day or within‐day variation was shown concerning histamine wheal areas. It is suggested that histamine dihydrochloride 10 mg/ml should replace histamine dihydrochloride 1 mg/ml as the positive reference in routine skin prick tests and biolo

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to study the nasal response to serotonin, 14 normal persons, in a double‐blind study, were provoked in the nose with serotonin and histamine. Itching and the number of sneezes were noted, the amount of secretion measured, and nasal airway resistance recorded by active posterior rhinomanometry. Serotonin induced significant nasal itching, sneezing and hypersecretion, similar to the effects of histamine. The effect of serotonin on nasal airway resistance, on the other hand, was slight (+ 10%) and insignificant in contrast to that of histamine in equipotent doses (+ 48 %) (P<0.001). In conclusion, we have shown that serotonin provocation can induce a rhinitis response in the human nose. The nasal symptoms suggest an effect on sensory nerves with reflex‐induced sneezing and hypersecretion, while there appears to be little direct effect on capacitance vessels. The possible role of serotonin as a mediator of rhinitis remains speculat

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To determine reproducibility and the optimal way of expressing skin sensitivity, simultaneous skin prick tests (SPT) and intradermal tests (ICT) were performed on 25 mould‐allergic patients. The patients had a well‐documented history of allergy toCladosporiumandAlternariaand were tested with partially purified standardized extracts of these two mould species. Skin prick tests were carried out on the volar side of the forearm and intradermal tests on the backs of the patients. The skin tests were performed as titration using quadruplicate determinations of 10‐fold allergen dilutions. The area of the skin reactions measured by planimetry were plotted in a log‐log system as a function of the allergen concentration. The reproducibility (SD/mean area × 100%) of the ICTs was significantly higher than that of the SPTs (17% versus 29%). A very low reproducibility was found with wheal areas<5 mm2. The dose response curve of the SPT wheal area was steeper than that obtained with ICT, both concerning ICT wheal and flare. Increasing the allergen concentration with a factor 10 resulted in a doubling of the wheal area in SPT, in contrast to a factor 1.7 using ICT. The coefficient of correlation using linear regression on the dose response curve was always higher than 0.9 with SPT and ICT wheal, but significantly lower with ICT flare. Skin sensitivity was estimated as end‐point and histamine equivalent reaction. No significant correlation between SPT and ICT end‐point titration was found contrary to the histamine equivalent reaction. The difference in allergen concentration between end‐point and histamine equivalent reaction was a factor 500 (median) for both SPT and ICT. Due to the lower reproducibility of small skin reactions, the histamine equivalent reaction is to be preferred as an estimate of skin sensitivity. The simplicity and the steeper dose response curve of SPT outweigh the lower reproducibility compared with ICT, and with the use of potent allergen extracts, ICT has no advan

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Intranasal flunisolide is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis. Flunisolide has high bioavailability when administered to normal subjects (50 % of an intranasal dose reaches the systemic circulation) with minimal systemic effects. Bioavailability in patients with active rhinitis averages 62.4 ± 15.7%. The oral dose bioequivalent to 100 μg intranasally is 500 μg. To define the comparative trial and systemic effects of intranasal flunisolide in patients with active allergic rhinitis, a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was conducted during the 1983 ragweed hayfever season. Ninety‐nine patients with ragweed hayfever for ≥2 years and positive prick skin tests to ragweed were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: 0 = oral flunisolide 500 μg b.i.d. and intranasal placebo b.i.d.; N = intranasal flunisolide 50 μg per nostril b.i.d. and oral placebo b.i.d.; P = intranasal and oral placebo b.i.d. Treatment continued for 4 weeks. Patients kept daily symptom scores. Patients were evaluated by a blinded observer every 2 weeks and were globally evaluated at the study's end. Data were analyzed for each center and pooled. There were no significant differences in symptom severity of sneezing, nasal congestion, and throat itch in the 0 (oral flunisolide) and P (placebo) groups. N (nasal flunisolide) was significantly more effective than 0 or P (P ≤= 0.005) for each symptom for at least one 2‐week period. Global evaluation demonstrated control of overall hayfever severity for N (nasal flunisolide) but not for 0 (oral flunisolide). We conclude that the therapeutic efficacy of flunisolide is achieved by topical and not by

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A follow‐up study of 202 children who had received hyposensitization with aluminium‐containing allergens showed that 1–3 years after cessation of hyposensitization 13 children still had severely pruiginous treatment‐resistant subcutaneous nodules in their forearms. Because of their long persistence the nodules of six children were studied in detail. Histologically, the nodules showed infiltration with lymphocytes (forming germinal centres), macrophages, plasma cells, mast cells and a few cosinophils. In five patients aluminium crystals were found scattered between the cells and, in addition, the phagosomes of the macrophages contained aluminium. Patch tests for aluminium were positive in four of the six patients. It is concluded that persisting nodules during hyposensitization with aluminium‐containing allergens may indicate development of aluminium hypersensitivity, and if this is confirmed hyposensitization should be dis

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To evaluate difference in clinical efficacy, side effects,in vivoandin vitroparameters, 25 patients allergic to Yellow Jacket were treated with clustered immunotherapy using either 7 or 14 days interval between clusters. Twenty‐one patients completed the 6 months’ treatment period and four were withdrawn due to adverse reactions (2 cases of anaphylactic shock). Sixteen patients were challenged by in‐hospital sting and the clinical efficacy was complete. Local side effects were observed in the majority of patients, but only rarely limited the course of immunotherapy. Skin sensitivity estimated as the venom concentration eliciting a wheal equal to histamine HCl 0.1 mg/ml using intradermal test was significantly reduced after 6 months of treatment. Specific IgE showed an initial increase, thereafter declining to pretreatment levels. IgG subclasses were determined by a triple antibody assay. Only subclasses 1 and 4 showed response. Subclass 4 showed a steady increase contrary to subclass 1 which decreased after reaching maintenance dose. No unambiguous relation between either the absolute value or the change of IgG1and IgG4at the time of challenge was observed in the patients who tolerated a sting. Furthermore, the IgG response was not correlated to the cumulative dose of venom administered. No simple regulatory function of IgG subclasses in the skin and IgE response was found, and the occurrence of local side effects did not seem to be determined by IgG antibodies. We conclude that clustered immunotherapy with Yellow Jacket venom is highly effective and that the frequency of side effects is acceptable. Neither the IgE nor the IgG response is significantly different with a 7‐ and 14‐day interval between clusters, indicating that a protective dose of venom might be reached withi

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1985.tb00250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY