摘要:

SummaryThe above studies have begun to address the fundamental question of the mechanisms of bone marrow involvement and response to allergen challenge in allergic asthmatics. Further studies in this area should complement our investigations in human asthma — which suggest that a particular bias toward differentiation of Eo‐Baso progenitors characterizes the atopic state — as well as our findings in the dog model of allergen‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness, which indicate that the bone marrow responds to inhalation of allergen or corticosteroids. Taken in the context of previous indications that IgE and bronchial responsiveness may both be transferrable through bone marrow transplantation (log), these findings indicate a physiologic role for the bone marrow in allergic inflammation. Likewise, these concepts provide a basis for making certain predictions regarding management and novel therapeutic interventions in atopy and

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Skin prick test (SPT) reactivity to common airborne allergens and its relationships to sex, age, smoking habits, and respiratory symptoms/ diseases were evaluated in a general population sample (n= 2841, 8–75 years of age) living in the Po delta area (northern Italy). Subjects completed a standardized questionnaire and underwent prick tests (12 local allergens, a negative and a positive control) and determination of total serum IgE. Atopy was evaluated by measuring the maximal diameter for each allergen, after subtracting that of the negative control. Thirty‐one percent of subjects showed a positive skin response at a 3‐mm threshold. Pollens,Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, andD. farinaecaused the highest frequencies of reactions. Young people and those who had never smoked had higher prevalence rates of SPT reactivity. Asthma, asthma symptoms, and rhinitis were significantly associated with SPT reactivity in both sexes (cough only in females) and with the number of positive reactions. IgE values were also significantly associated with SPT reactivity. In conclusion, our findings indicate that almost one‐third of the general population of an Italian rural area is skin test positive, emphasizing the importance of assessing atopy in respiratory epidemiologic

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When administered by inhalation, histamine provokes dose‐related bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects mainly by a direct activation of histamine H1‐receptors on airway smooth muscle. However, little is known of the change in airway responsiveness to histamine after cyclooxygenase blockade. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor, lysine acetylsalicylate (L‐ASA), administered by inhalation on histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction in a group of 16 asthmatic subjects. The subjects studied attended the laboratory on four separate occasions to receive nebulized L‐ASA (solution of 90mg/ml) or matched placebo (glycine solution of 30 mg/ml) 15 min before bronchoprovocation tests with histamine and methacholine in a randomized, double‐blind order. Changes in airway caliber were followed as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and agonist responsiveness was expressed as the provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1from baseline (PC20).Administration of both L‐ASA and glycine solution caused a small but significant acute fall in FEV1from baseline, which returned to normal within 15 min. When compared to placebo, inhaled L‐ASA reduced the airway responsiveness to histamine in 13 of the 16 subjects studied, the geometric mean (range) values for PC20histamine increasing significantly (P<0.001) from 1.72 (0.13–5.49) mg/ml to 3.31 (0.36–12.00) mg/ml after placebo and L‐ASA, respectively. No significant change in airway responsiveness to methacholine was recorded after L‐ASA. Acute administration of L‐ASA by inhalation protects the asthmatic airways against histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction, thus suggesting that endogenous prostaglandins may play a contributory role in the airways response

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several observations have indicated that house‐dust mites (HDM) play an important role in allergic diseases. Thus, the primary form of treatment should aim at reducing exposure to HDM for these patients. Allergenavoidance measures in homes have been demonstrated to be beneficial in decreasing the risk of sensitization, severity of symptoms, bronchial reactivity, and basophil sensitivity. Various chemical methods, as well as physical measures, have been tried to eliminate mite allergens from house dust. However, none have gained wide acceptance because of the lack of effectiveness and safety, and the high cost. It is clear that new approaches are required for effective long‐term control of HDM allergens. This study compared the acaricidal activities of phenyl salicylate. tea leaf extract (high tannic acid content), and essential oils (eucalyptus and laurel) with that of benzyl benzoate. The contact, short‐duration persistence, and residual effects of various concentrations of these chemicals and benzyl benzoate were assessed in laboratory conditions with specially designed wells. Our data suggest that benzyl benzoate may not be effective when applied according to the manufacturer's instructions, but may be effective when applied more frequently (i.e., three to four times a year) and for longer periods (up to 24 h) even with lower concentrations (0.4%).Essential oils were shown to have little acaricidal activity, but virtually no effect was observed with tea. Among the chemicals used, phenyl salicylate seems to be promising as an alternative acar

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For investigation of a possible relationship between cutaneous and bronchial hyperreactivity, 74 subjects were grouped according to the presence (n= 33) or absence (n= 41) of urticarial dermographism after application of a standardized shearing pressure with a dermographometer (12.7 × 105Pa). The two groups did not differ in age, sex, smoking habits, presence of urticaria and atopy, or serum IgE levels. Erythema of the dermographic test sites was always significantly greater (P<0.001) in the group with urticarial dermographism at 2, 4, and 8 min, and cutaneous reactivity with titrated prick tests was significantly increased in this group with low concentrations of histamine, 0.01% and substance P (0.25 mM) (P<0.05). After bronchial provocation with acetylcholine, 51 of the 74 subjects, 25 with and 26 without urticarial dermographism, exhibited bronchial hyperreactivity. However, significantly more subjects with urticarial dermographism had an increase in airway resistance and a decrease in specific airway conductance (P<0.05). In the subgroup (n= 9) of subjects with symptomatic urticarial dermographism (urticaria factitia), these differences were even more significant (P<0.001). These subjects also had larger skin test reactions and significantly higher IgE levels (P<0.01). Thus, the present data show an association, which may be based on common mechanisms of allergic inflammation, between cutaneous and bronchial hyperreactivity

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Major wheat and rye allergens associated with baker's asthma have been identified as specific inhibitors ofDermatophagoides pteronyssinusα‐amylase (Der p 4). The most active inhibitors were the wheat tetrameric one and the rye dimeric RDAI‐1. These data suggest that interaction between mite and cereal allergens (α‐amylase/inhibitor complexes) might occur in house‐dust‐mite‐infected flours. In contrast to the strong inhibition of theD. pteronyssinusenzyme by the wheat and rye inhibitors, the amylases fromD. farinae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, andTyrophagus putrescentiaewere much less affected. Moreover, theD. pteronyssinusamylase showed higher pH optimum (6.5 versus 5.0) and activity level (2–6 times/mg of protein in whole‐mite extracts) than those from the three o

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Occupational sensitization to senna is seldom reported. We describe a 21‐year‐old male atopic factory worker who developed IgE‐mediated asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis 5 months after exposure to senna while he was working for a company manufacturing hair dyes. In the bronchial challenge test with senna, he exhibited a strong reaction. The skin prick test gave a 12‐mm wheal reaction. The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with senna was highly positive (33.6 PRU/ml, class 4), and could not be inhibited with pollens or foods. In protein staining with SDS‐PAGE, two heavy bands were detected in senna at about 14 and 25 kDa, and two faint bands were visible at 19 and 21 kDa. In IgE immunoblotting with the patient's serum, one heavy band was detected at about 16 and four faint bands at 23, 25, 28, and 38 kDa. The patient became symptom free after he had changed his job within the sam

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Betahistine is a cerebral vasodilator structurally related to histamine, which stimulates H1bronchial and vascular receptors. We report the case of a 28‐year‐old female patient who presented bronchospasm during treatment with betahistine hydrochloride. The prick test was negative. The oral challenge test showed bronchospasm and urticarial lesions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of betahistine‐induced bronchospasm reported in the literature. The study carried out failed to reveal the mechanism of the rea

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04585.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since childhood, a 53‐year‐old women had developed chills, high‐grade fever, myalgia, and cephalea after the ingestion of coffee, tea, cola beverages, and some oral “antiflu” compounds. Skin prick tests performed with all the implicated substances were negative. Single‐blind oral challenges with both caffeine and theophylline were positive, reproducing exactly the same clinical symptoms and fever. Oral challenge with pentoxifylline was negative. We report a case of caffeine‐induced fever in which we have demonstrated cross‐reactivity with theophylline, but not with

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04586.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04587.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY