摘要:

Twenty young adult atopic patients and their matched controls were studied. Spontaneously generated and Con‐A‐induced suppressor T cell functions as well as Natural Killer (NK) activity against K‐562 target cells, measured in a short‐time 3H‐thvmidine uptake were evaluated suppressor T cell activity in the patients was more than 2 SD lower than that found in the controls and there was, contrary to expectation, a direct correlation between suppressor function and serum IgE levels. Atopic patients showed a statistically significant lower NK activity than normal controls when related to a low IL‐2 production, Both facts inversely correlated with the concentration of IgE in serum. We concluded that atopic patients' vulnerability to viral infections may be due to defective NK activity. Suppressor T cell function is abnormal in these patients. Both defects could be due to a faulty immunoregulatory help

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clinical course and sequential IgE values were recorded in a 4‐year prospective study of 80 atopic wheezing babies at ages from 6 months to 4–5 years. At final assessment, 68% of the children had been symptom‐free for at least 1 year whilst 32% still suffered from wheezing attacks. Total IgE levels from the first visit until final assessment were>2 SD above normal for age in 63% of all children, but no significant correlation could be found between sequential IgE levels and the clinical picture or course of the disease. In all cases IgE levels rose steadily with increasing age, independently of whether wheezing disappeared or persisted. The most significant rise in IgE values occurred between 1 and 2 years of age, and IgE levels at 4 years could be predicted by the value at the age of 2 years (r = 0.97). In the group of children that lost their wheezing tendency there was: at, a significantly greater number of infants that were breast‐fed during at least the first 3 months of life (P<0.01), b), a lower incidence of exposure to parental smoking (P<0.01), and c), a lesser incidence of lower respiratory tract infections (P<0.01). Though there was no correlation between increase of IgE levels and type of feeding or exposure to cigarette smoke, statistical data confirms that bottle feeding and parental smoking lead to persistence of wheezing in atopic c

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02364.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In human sera the specific reactions and cross reactions of antibodies directed against the penicilloyl groups were determined using different penicilloyl derivatives as antigen. The penicilloyl group providing the highest litre in one Ig class was said to define the specific reaction for this Ig class. This criterium was justified by the fact that antibodies evoked by long‐term treatment with benzylpenicillin showed specific reaction to the benzylpenicilloyl group. Moreover, specific reactions of antibodies of different Ig classes in one serum were the same. Both the side chain and the thiazolidine ring of the penicilloyl group can serve as antigenic determinant

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Obvious atopic diseases developed in 18% of 1651 non‐selected children before 7 years of age. More than 80% of newborns with high IgE concentrations in cord blood developed atopic diseases before this age. Although the sensitivity of the IgE test is rather low (40%), most cases (94%) of severe, long‐lasting atopic disease show a high neonatal IgE concentration, and the specificity of the test is high (94%), Calculations of total costs of screening were made on the basis of family history alone compared with neonatal IgE‐screening in two groups: (i) all newborn infants, or (ii) infants with a family history of atopic disease. The cost of preventive measures and treatment costs were included in the total patient compliance) then IgE‐screening was cost‐effective in both groups, which screening solely on a basis of family history was not. In Sweden there was a total saving of approx, 20 million SEK or 3 million USS per annum. Thus, IgE‐screening of cord blood to select newborns for preventive measures is also economically

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Accumulating evidence suggests a link between immediate hypersensitivity and cellular immunity. In this study, we examined the effect of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) on basophil histamine release. Histamine‐releasing activity of IL‐2 was very weak with % histamine release of 2.9 ± 1.3 (mean ± SEM,n= 9) at 1:12 dilution. IL‐2 at 1:1200 dilution slightly inhibited anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release by 22.4 ± 18.6% (P>0.05). There was a significant potentiation of release at 1:12 dilution of IL‐2 with % enhancement of 78.7 ± 42.2 (P<0.05). IL‐2 enhanced the calcium ionophore A23187‐induced histamine release in a dose‐dependent fashion. IL‐2 at 1:12 dilution significantly potentiated release by 28.8 ± 6.3% (P0.05). At 1:12 dilution, IL‐2 significantly potentiated FMLP‐induced release by 73.7 ± 41.6% (P<0.05). Recombinant IL‐2 (RIL‐2) augmented anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release with a significant enhancement at 200 units/ml. Conventional IL‐2 was more potent than RIL‐2 in enhancing release. These results indicate that IL‐2 enhances basophil histamine release and some part of the effect of IL‐2 on basophils is d

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of biological standardization (BS) is to equilibrate the activity (potency) of allergen extracts from different source materials. This was done by performing skin prick tests (SPT) on patients who were sensitive to one of the following 10 allergens: Birch, alder, hazel, timothy, rye grass, velvet grass, cultivated rye, mugwort,D. farinaeandCladosporium herbarum.Patient sensitivity varied within a range of diree to four powers of ten for each allergen investigated. The weal size in each patient corresponding to that elicited by histamine 1 mg/ml was calculated using the model log (mean weal diameter) = a + b log (concentration). The correlation coefficients of the regression lines of die allergen dose response relationship were found to be>0.85 in most cases. The median slope for all extracts was 0.24. The slope forCladosporiumwas significantly steeper than that for pollens. The amount of material in ng dry weight (d.w./ml) equal to 1000 biological units/ml (BU/ml) varied within a factor of three between species for all tested purified allergen preparations butCladosporium.ForCladosporium, about 30 times more material was needed than forD. farinae.When using crude radier than purified material, it was necessary to use five to ten times more to elicit a reaction corresponding to 1000 BU/ml, but the difference was significant only forCladosporium.The narrow range of allergen concentrations used by us as well as other investigators does not assure positive skin prick test results in all patients with clinical symptoms due to the allergen in question. Skin prick testing should therefore be done over a wide range of concentrations to improve the methods for BS.

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the present investigation was to study the dose response relationship of allergen, histamine and histamine releasers in skin prick test (SPT) and the precision of the SPT method. In one experiment timothy allergen, histamine HCl, rabbit anti‐human‐IgE and compound 48/80 were studied in seven patients. In a second experiment timothy allergen and histamine and dog allergen and histamine were investigated in two groups of 10 patients. Histamine HCl 1 and 10 mg/ml induced weals about 15 and 25 mm2(4.5 and 5.5 mm in diameter), respectively. The precision as expressed by the coefficient of variation was about 25 % for histamine and 40 % for allergen for weal areas>10 mm2. Calculations of the regression lines to test the dose response relationships were based on the method of least squares. The best fit was to a log/log model. The slopes of allergen, histamine and histamine releasers were essentially parallel within patients. The median slope of allergen was estimated to about 0.4 based on weal areas and 0.2 based on mean weal diameters. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the lower and upper parts of the dose response curves of allergen and histamine, although there was a tendency towards steeper slopes at lower concentrations. These results show that histamine concentrations 1 mg/ml should be used as positive control in SPT and that histamine releasers do not offer advantages over histamine as reference substances in SPT. A common slope for the dose response relationship of allergen and histamine can be used for the estimation of skin sensitiv

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prerequisites for using the assayed histamine concentration in nasal secretion as an objective measure of disease activity in allergic rhinitis were investigated. It was demonstrated that in histamine determination procedures the presence of quenching substances in the nasal secretion could lead to underestimation of the histamine concentration. This bias was eliminated in a modified spectrofluorometric assay. Only an insignificant fraction of the histamine in samples collected by nasal spray washing was bound to unfiltrable particles or cells. The mean histamine concentration in nasal secretions from 15 healthy subjects wss 11.2 μg/ml and in a group of nine patients with allergic rhinitis out of season 3.36 μg/ml. The histamine concentration in the latter group decreased during the pollen season and after positive allergen challenge. It is suggested that this decrease is caused by the increase in volume of the secretion during the allergic response. The use of lithium as an exogenous marker permitted quantitation of the increase in the relative amount of nasal secretion recovered by washing in the symptomatic subject

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The anti‐allergic activity and mechanism of cinnarizine was investigated in guinea pigs. Nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, and tranilast, a potent, orally active anti‐allergic agent, were used as comparative drugs. 1) Cinnarizine protected against fatal systemic anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs passively sensitized with IgE antibody. Cinnarizine reduced many of the features of severe respiratory disorders. Nifedipine and tranilast showed similar effects. 2) Cinnarizine and nifedipine inhibited the contractile response to antigen of sensitized tracheal smooth muscle when the challenge was carried out at low antigen concentrations. Tranilast showed a tendency to inhibit the antigen‐induced contraction of tracheal smooth muscle. 3) Cinnarizine and nifedipine inhibited Ca‐induced contraction in potassium‐depolarized tracheal smooth muscle, tranilast had no effect. 4) Cinnarizine showed antagonistic action to the contraction by histamine or leukotriene D4(LTD4) of tracheal muscle. Nifedipine showed similar antagonistic action, although its potency is lower than cinnarizine. Tranilast showed slight antagonistic action to LTD4. 5) Antigen‐induced release of histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS‐A) from sensitized lung tissues was inhibited by nifedipine and tranilast but not by cinnarizine. 6) The release of histamine and SRS‐A from lung tissues by calcium ionophore A23187 was inhibited by nifedipine and tranilast but not by cinnarizine. These results suggest that the anti‐allergic action of cinnarizine is mainly due to the antagonistic action to allergic mediators and not by interfering with die release of mediators. Cinnarizine's mechanism seems to be related to its antagonistic action to Ca in smooth muscle, but not to the transport of Ca in releasing the anaphylactic chemical mediators in mast cells and o

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the study was to investigate whether topical application of a beta‐2‐adre‐nostimulant (fenoterol) on the mucous membrane has a clinically signification anti‐allergic effect. Thirty‐three patients with grass pollen hay fever completed the trial which was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over design. After a run‐in period the patients received two puffs of 50 Hg fenoterol 4 times a day or placebo for 21/2 weeks before crossover. Symptoms were scored on diary cards and there was a moderate, but significant effect of fenoterol on sneezing but the effect on secretion and blockage was insignificant it is concluded that beta‐2‐stimulating agents are not competitors to the very effe

ISSN:0105-4538    

DOI:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1987.tb02372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY