摘要:

ABSTRACTPsychophysiological detection of deception examinations were conducted on 40 subjects. Of these, 32 were “guilty” of a mock crime and 8 were innocent. Sixteen guilty subjects committed the crime while intoxicated and the remaining 16 committed the crime sober. These two groups of guilty subjects were subdivided such that half of each group was examined with the polygraph while intoxicated and the other half was examined while sober. Two questioning techniques were used in the examination, a Control Question Test and the Guilty Knowledge Test. Measures of skin resistance, heart rate and respiration were recorded. The principal findings were that alcohol intoxication during the crime reduced detectability with detection scores derived from the measurement of skin resistance responses on the Control Question Test and on the Guilty Knowledge Test. The analyses of guilt/innocent classifications, based on the detection scores, showed these classifications to be affected by alcohol intoxicat

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRecently it has been suggested that thyroid function may influence neuropsychological processes not only as a result of thyroid disease but also through normal neurophysiologic adaptive mechanisms. In 69 normal university students, levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) were assayed in blood samples and related to measures of cognitive performance and to spectral measures of the EEG recorded during cognitive performance. Significant relationships were found between T3 levels and delta power in the EEG from occipital leads, with higher T3 associated with less EEG power in the left hemisphere and greater power in the right hemisphere. Higher T3 levels were associated with poorer performance on several cognitive tasks, particularly for males, although the males with higher T3 levels also showed faster correct responses on a word fluency task. These results seem to support the hypothesis that an individual's characteristic level of thyroid function is relevant to normal neuropsychological processes.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02320.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to examine the relationship between orbicularis muscle tension around the eyes and fluctuations in intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal subjects. Using a biofeedback paradigm, 20 male and female subjects were asked to increase and decrease their EMG activity from the orbicularis muscle while receiving EMG feedback. Subjects received 3 alternating blocks of trials in which they attempted to increase and decrease muscle tension while maintaining the eyes open. A fourth trial consisted of a forceful closure of the eyes during the increase period. IOP was measured every 60 s throughout the entire sequence, and electrodes placed above and below the eye recorded eyeblinks. Results suggest that IOP increases with increases in facial muscle tension in normal subjects, a finding which cannot be accounted for by changes in eyeblink frequency. These results imply that increases in IOP occur during periods of increased muscle tension around the eye and suggest that muscle tension levels should be examined among individuals who have abnormally high IOP levels.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02321.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEvent‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in a cross‐sectional study from 70 adolescents ranging in age from 11 to 18. A paradigm was used in which background, standard auditory events (66 percent occurrence) were randomly replaced by either a change in pitch, or a missing stimulus, each occurring 17 percent of the time. Subjects were instructed to respond to one of the infrequent events, with each designated as relevant (i.e., a target) on alternate blocks of trials. Factor score analyses showed that P300 and frontal negative slow wave were larger to relevant than irrelevant events, whereas parietal positive slow wave was not. Both N200 and frontal negative slow wave showed modest age effects. Significant effects of sex, mainly for the exogenous components, were also found. These data highlight the importance of the negative task‐related potentials as correlates of development. They also point to the functional independence of P300 and slow wave and add to the evidence for the functional distinction between the frontal negative and parietal positive aspects of slow

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02322.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02323.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPrevious research has suggested that speed of habituation of the electrodermal orienting response is related to auditory vigilance performance. The present study investigated the relationship between habituation speed, nonspecific response frequency, and detection performance in a complex visual monitoring task. Two levels of task difficulty were employed. In the visual monitoring task, correct detections declined across blocks, and fewer signals were detected in the difficult task condition. Slow habituators detected more signals than fast habituators, but NSR‐frequency was not significantly related to the number of correct detections. The implications of these findings for different models of the relationship between habituation speed and vigilance performance are discusse

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02324.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTo investigate the effect of task difficulty on the alpha wave, bilateral EEGs were recorded from frontal and occipital locations from 5 male and 5 female students while they were engaged in two arithmetic (simple addition, SA, and complex addition, CA) and two visuo‐spatial (visual imagery, VI, and mental rotation, MR) tasks. During both the arithmetic and the visuo‐spatial tasks, peak alpha frequency of power spectrum increased significantly above the resting level. Moreover, the frequency shift was significantly larger in the CA and MR conditions than in the SA and VI conditions. The shift increased as the task difficulty increased. A hemispheric effect was found: the peak alpha frequency increased in the left rather than in the right during the arithmetic tasks whereas it increased in the right rather than in the left during the visuo‐spatial

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02325.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02326.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSleep/wake cycles of 9 young adults were electrographically recorded during 60 hrs of enforced bedrest. During this period subjects were required to lie quietly, with no time cues and minimal exogenous stimulation. Sleep and wakefulness patterns were clearly modified under these conditions. There was an alternation of waking periods with an average length of 2.7 hrs and sleep episodes with a mean duration of 2.99 hrs. Eighty percent of both sleep and waking periods were less than 4 hrs duration. The circadian pattern of sleep period duration persisted in disentrainment, but temporal organization of sleep episodes was substantially disrupted; sleep episodes occurred throughout the 24‐hr day. The results suggest the presence of two distinct components of the human sleep system–one, sleep duration, is controlled by an endogenous circadian oscillatory system; another, sleep placement, is controlled primarily by behavioral controls, in the form of social and occupational pressures, and self‐imposed behavioral alternatives to

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02327.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTVisual ERP measures have been used to discriminate retrospectively between those hyperactive children who responded well to treatment with methylphenidate (MP) and those who were nonresponders. This study was designed to validate these ERP measures in a prospective study. Visual ERP data were obtained in 20 hyperactive children following 0.33 mg/kg methylphenidate (Ritalin) or a matching placebo. Parent, teacher and physician ratings were then obtained on these same doses in a subsequent double‐blind clinical trial. At the conclusion of the trials, children were classified as MP responders or nonresponders based on the pediatrician's blind ratings. Using criteria established in a prior study, a conjoint measure of amplitude and variability statistically discriminated nonresponders from responders. The two clinical groups did not differ on placebo. It was suggested that these predictors are sensitive to nonspecific pharmacological factor

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY