摘要:

ABSTRACTLang's theory on emotions was applied to the sexual response: the cognitive processing of information on sexual responses (in contrast to information on sexual stimuli) was predicted to elicit the sexual response. Each of 48 men and 48 women imagined a sexual interaction, looked at a series of slides, and listened to an erotic story. Subjects were instructed to attend to images of sexual stimuli or to images of sexual stimuli plus responses. During imagery the genital response and the experience of sexual arousal were stronger when subjects focused on stimuli plus responses than when they focused on stimuli only. This effect occurred in both men and women. During slides and story a similar effect was found in men, but not in women. The genital response and the experience of sexual arousal were found to correlate more strongly when attentional focus was on stimuli plus responses instead of on stimuli only: in women, and, although marginally significant, also in men.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEvent‐related potentials were recorded while subjects viewed 3 series of visually presented words. In each series some of the words were repetitions of an immediately preceding word. The subjects' task was to respond to occasional items (‘targets’), the nature of which was varied across the 3 series. Targets were either lower‐case words, non‐words, or animal names. When the targets were non‐words or animal names, event‐related potentials to repeated items were characterised by a large, Cz‐maximum, positive‐going shift with an onset latency of around 300 ms. When the targets were lower‐case items, this repetition effect was greatly attenuated, due primarily to an increase in positivity in ERPs to unrepeated items.It is concluded firstly that the modulation of event‐related potentials by word repetition is task‐dependent. Secondly, the repetition effect seems better interpreted as an attenuation of an endogenous negativity present in ERPs to unrepeated items, than as a positive‐going comp

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHyperactive children were divided into three groups (electrodermal labiles, electrodermal stabiles, and a medium group which fell in between) on the basis of the frequency of spontaneous electrodermal activity. Subsequent tests on a paired associate learning task revealed that the stabiles and medium groups performed poorly when stimulus‐response pairs were presented at a relatively slow rate, while for labiles there was no difference across rates. Treatment with stimulant medication abolished the differences across rates for the stabiles and the medium groups, but led to significantly more learning on the fast rate relative to the slow rate for labiles. While the placebo findings were consistent with a low arousal view of hyperactivity, the drug results suggested that stimulant medication corrects an imbalance in the mechanisms which govern sensitivity to task‐related stimulation, but induces an imbalance where none is present on plac

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00960.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCardiac cycle time effects occur when stimuli or responses presented at different times within the cardiac cycle induce differential changes in the same or following interbeat interval (IBI). Two related problems regarding cardiac cycle time effects are discussed. One problem concerns how to separate anticipatory from stimulus‐induced changes in interbeat intervals that occur around the time of presentation of an expected stimulus. The other problem is an anomalous finding in reaction time tasks: prestimulus interbeat intervals are longer when they precede stimuli presented early, rather than late, in the cardiac cycle.These two problems can be understood if some simple assumptions are made about anticipatory and stimulus‐induced vagal excitation. If vagal excitation regularly increases prior to an expected event, the anomalous effect of stimulus delay in the cardiac cycle on preceding interbeat intervals can be explained. The presentation of events and IBI times on an ordinal IBI axis induces an inappropriate time shift. Furthermore, estimates of maximal anticipatory deceleration at stimulus onset in the interbeat interval of the stimulus and of subsequent stimulus‐induced vagal changes can be inferred. The relevance of this analysis to earlier experimental results is disc

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00961.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00962.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe convergence of behavioral, EEG, and respiratory measures has been shown to increase the accurate detection of sleep onset (SO) (Ogilvie, 1985; Ogilvie&Wilkinson, 1984). The present investigation used a behavioral response (BR) measure and standard EEG indices to examine slow eye movement (SEM) activity during the transition from wakefulness to sleep. Several methods of scoring and assessing slow eye movements were employed in order to determine their usefulness as an index in the detection of sleep onset. Correlations between SEM activity and behavioral and EEG sleep stages were low to moderate. In multiple regression analyses, slow eye movements were shown to be a fairly stable but less powerful predictor of sleep onset than either behavioral or EEG measures. The data confirmed earlier observations linking the appearance of slow rolling eye movements with drowsiness and the disappearance of them with the beginning of behaviorally defined sleep. In most people this pattern is consistent enough to be useful in studying sleep onset. The applicability of this measure as a co‐indicator of sleep onset was discusse

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00963.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00964.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWe attempted to test the hypothetical involvement of gender, cerebral laterality, and repeated trials in the performance of a heartbeat tracking task similar to ones previously reported. Subjects were told to press a key in synchrony with their heartbeats or with counter clicks for 250 trials with each hand. Key presses were sorted into six 100‐ms bins following each R‐wave; so, unlike previous heartbeat tracking studies which simply looked for similar rate properties of key press and heartbeat latencies, we sought congruence between the two distributions. No evidence of nonrandom key pressing could be adduced while subjects attempted to track heartbeats; whereas subjects did display nonrandom key presses with respect to heart driven counter clicks. It is concluded that such heartbeat tracking procedures are unsuited to assess cardiac perception, much less to detect any presumed correlate of such percept

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00965.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1988.tb00966.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY