摘要:

ABSTRACTCortical evoked responses to the onset of angular acceleration (30° sec2) were obtained from 20 Ss, The Ss were scaled in a torsion swing chair (which provided the acceleration stimuli) and wore blindfolds and ear muffs. A discrimination task was used to keep Ss alert and enhance their attention to the onset of the vestibular stimulus. Ss were asked to judge whether the onset of rotation was smooth, having no detectable tactile sense (type A); or rough, with detectable tactile sensations (type B); or if tactile sense was detected in the absence of rotation (type C). Average evoked responses were obtained for each of these stimuli as well as for auditory stimuli.The most prominent and consistent feature of the responses obtained by rotation only (type A), here designated as rotary evoked responses (REPs). was a late negative‐positive complex with peaks at about 193 and 345 m sec respectively. On the basis of these latencies it is argued that the responses are probably of vestibular rather than somatosensory origin.It is concluded that vestibular stimulation produces responses from the scalp comparable to those of other sensory systems and that the method of average evoked potentials is appropriate to studying vestibular‐cortical pathways in

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEarlier research on respiratory patterns indicates that they are sensitive to emotional processes. Abdominal and thoracic patterns were therefore used as predictors of laughter responses in 25 subjects participating in an entertainment situation. The abdominal respiratory body circumference changes (the abdominal amplitude) of the women predicted their laughter responses; the greater the abdominal amplitudes during the entertainment period, the more frequent and enduring were their laughter responses. No prediction was obtained by the respiratory patterns of men. The results suggest that respiratory patterns are sensitive indicators of laughter response habits in women only. The variability of tonus in the abdominal muscles was suggested to be of particular importance to the results, i. e. great variability yields frequent and enduring laughter responses in women.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThere is a long history of debate as to whether schizophrenics are over or under aroused physiologically. In this report evidence is presented that schizophrenics differ widely on measures of electrodermal activity, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and finger skin temperature. Two extreme physiological groups may be defined by the presence or absence of skin conductance orienting responses to tones of moderate intensity.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMultichannel recording of scalp CNV (Contingent Negative Variation) and RT (Reaction Time) was carried out on 12 normal adult Ss in a fixed foreperiod RT experiment. Single trial responses were stored on digital tape and averaged off‐line. Strict control over eye movement artifact was exerted through fixation techniques coupled with mechanical and electro‐oculographic monitoring of movement. Analysis of single‐trial data gave an intra‐individual picture of correlation apparently in conflict with the across picture gained from averages. A rationalization is attempted of these results and some evidence is offered that, in the individual S, a negative and probably nonlinear relationship holds between CNV amplitude and RT. Analysis of average data demonstrates the distribution of CNV across the scalp and shows a lack of correlation between CNV and RT in prefrontal areas, in contrast with that found in central‐parietal areas. It is suggested that the CNV is an index of functionally different processes in th

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study attempted to demonstrate the usefulness of uncomplicated psychophysiological measures applied in a real‐life setting involving stress. The Ss were 17 Kibbutz girls and 19 Urban girls who received immunization needles in varied contexts. Measures of the 12‐yr‐olds included heart rates (HR) taken at the wrist and finger sweat prints (FS) recorded one day before, immediately before, and one week after Ss received their needles. Supplementary verbal rating scales and behavioral observations added validity to the physiological indices. A lower HR of Kibbutz Ss immediately before their injections (p<01) accurately predicted their more relaxed behavior to needle penetration (p<.001). FS was of limited validity being masked completely by ambient temperature. Simple physiological measures, it was concluded, can be predictive in applied con

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRelationships among orienting responses (ORs), anticipatory responses (ARs), and both unconditioned responses. (UCRs) and the UCR‐latency responses which occur on acquisition test trials were examined in an 8 sec CS/UCS skin resistance response (SRR) conditioning schedule, Response characteristics were scored objectively by means of a Linc‐8 program based on the rate of change of amplitude, and included response frequency, amplitude, onset and peak latencies.Substantial interaction were observed between AR and UCR characteristics, Negative correlations were obtained between AR and UCR occurrences on reinforced trials, shown to be associated with a long peak latency of the AR. AR/UCR amplitude relationships were also negative, indicating that high amplitude ARs lend to occur with low amplitude UCRs. Results on reinforced trials, however, showed a positive relationship between AR/UCR‐latency freq

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article was to discuss sources of pupillary variation not mentioned by either Hess(1972). or Goldwater (1972) and suggest experimental procedures to control for the effects of these variables when they are not themselves the object of study.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTElectrodermal activity is the most frequently monitored psychophysiological and most investigators assume that the activity recorded from one hand is representative of the whole system. A few earlier studies of possible bilateral differences in this activity frequently noted such differences in response magnitude and pre‐response level. The present study examines bilateral differences not only in response magnitude and pre‐response level but also in response latency, recruitment time, and recovery. Relationships with handedness are also considered. It is concluded that although bilateral differences were often noted, the activity from one hand is strongly related to the activity concomitantly recorded from the other h

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe primary aims are to elaborate on and clarify two general issues which are raised in the context of assessing contingency theory: (a) the operational requirements and the psychophysical considerations for assessing autonomic excitatory and inhibitory factors in Pavlovian conditioning, and (b) the topic of the appropriate CR specification in the autonomic electrodermal system. Our substantive conclusion, based on an evaluation of the methodology of available human autonomic studies, is that there is no empirical support for the contingency truly random control procedure. In addition, contrary to the suggestion of striking analogies with the skeletal eyelid system, a latency criterion should not be used to deny associative status to first‐interval electrodermal responses, provided that these do satisfy conventional behavioral criteria for associative conditioning, e.g., discriminatio

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY