ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSpontaneous electrodermal activity (EDA) (galvanic skin response [GSR] and skin potential response [SPR]) was recorded during daytime sleep and nighttime sleep. During all sleep, spontaneous EDA occurred most frequently during stages 3 and 4 (slow wave sleep) and least frequently during stage 1 (rapid eye movement [REM] and non‐REM). This pattern was consistent over 3 nights of sleep. There was no relation between waking and sleeping spontaneous EDA. The spontaneous EDA during slow wave sleep significantly exceeded that during waking. During sleep, spontaneous SPRs often occurred without spontaneous GSR

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn a group of 12 male and female subjects of ages between 18 and 45 years the alternation frequency of binocular retinal rivalry (BRR) has been found to change depending upon the durations of the periods for which the target is fixated, and of the intercalated resting time. Analysis of variance indicated significant inter‐individual differences in level of mean frequency and in rate of increas

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFive humanSs were presented with a high frequency tone on the emission of each short inter‐heartbeat interval and a low frequency tone on the emission of each long inter‐heartbeat interval. Under these conditions, allSs learned within a short period of time to produce significantly lower heart rates in the presence of one visual stimulus than in the presence of another. On the basis of this finding, it is suggested that an important determinant of where a given response falls on the voluntary/involuntary continuum is the availability of specific feedback from the response in quest

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRelations between galvanic skin response (GSR) and other variables during learning of a shock‐avoidance task were observed.Ss operated a four‐position switch as cued by visual stimuli: one always shocked, one never shocked, and two associated with switch positions which avoided the shock. Forty‐eightSs formed successive subgroups which exhibited: (1) progressively better avoidance learning with increased awareness instruction and (2) significantly decreased GSR when the correct avoidance had been learned. Analyses were made to differentiate autonomic responding due to reinforcement (i.e. number of shocks received) from that due to expectancy (anticipation of avoid

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWith a test involving image and after‐image relation, it is demonstrated that epinephrine differentially affects reactivity to green (530 mμ) and red (625mμ) stimuli and that most of the response is accounted for by altered response to the green stimulus. Norepinephrine effect was in the same direction but not statistically significant and might be accounted for by endogenous epinephrine secret

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTVisual reaction times were recorded in a fixed foreperiod situation, to study the relation between sensorimotor performance and heart rate measures. With 42 male college students asSs, both resting and performance levels of heart rate and heart rate fluctuations were obtained. Reaction time data were collected from blocks of trials at given foreperiods which ranged from 1 to 9 sec. Three groups of subjects, formed on the basis of high, medium, and low levels of peak‐trough differences in heart rate during the reaction‐time trials, showed different foreperiod functions. The hypothesis that fluctuations in heart rate are related to fixed foreperiod reaction time performance was suppor

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHeart rate responses evoked by a 3‐sec auditory stimulus were averaged within stages of sleep for five subjects. Although there were some individual differences, the evoked HR response is generally diphasic, with the peak of the acceleratory component occurring on the fourth post‐stimulus beat and the trough of the deceleratory component occurring on the 10th post‐stimulus beat. Unlike other variables, which are depressed during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, the HR response tends to be larger during the REM stage than during other stages of sleep. The size of the response is not appreciably affected by time of night, since HR is non‐habituating during sleep, but is affected by the respiratory cycle phase, being largest when the stimulus occurs during inspiration or the period immediately prior to inspiration, and smallest when the stimulus occurs during the expirator

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAveraged cortical evoked responses in man to repetitive informationally complex pictorial stimuli, as opposed to other visual stimulation, were obtained from scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. The method used involved the projection of lantern slides. Included were three different categories (indifferent scenic, repulsive medical, and nude female photographs) assumed to evoke, respectively, neutral, negative, and positive reactions in the normal young male subjects. In all subjects, recordings from occipital or occipitoparietal scalp leads consistently resulted in evoked response patterns to pictorial slides measurably differing from responses to these same slides made non‐associational through defocusing, or to blank light flashes. Responses to pictorial stimuli were also different than those to motivated observation of projected words, colors, or geometric patterns. The evoked responses to the three different categories of pictorial stimuli also showed significant differences. These differences were not as marked and were clearly replicable only for some subject

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFully developed nystagmus present in fiveSs with congenital nystagmus while awake with eyes open or closed did not appear during the REM or non‐REM sleep phases. However, rapid conjugate eye movements were present during REM sleep in all fiveSs, and could not be distinguished from the patterns recognized in normal subject

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1966.tb02681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1966

数据来源: WILEY