摘要:

ABSTRACTForty internal and external locus of control subjects (Ss) were instructed to control their heart rate on 8 trial pairs. Each trial pair consisted of an increase and a decrease heart rate condition with the order being counterbalanced acrossSs. On the last 4 heart rate control trials, theSs were given visual feedback concerning the time interval between each heart beat via a light panel of 16 check lights.The major findings of this study were: (1) feedback significantly increased the magnitude of the IBI changes across allSs; (2) locus of control differences were found across all trials with the internal locus of controlSs being able to increase their heart rate better than the external locus of controlSs, and the external locus of controlSs were better able to decrease heart rate as compared with the internals; and (3) self‐report measures demonstrated that external and internal locus of controlSs adopted different strategies for controlling heart rate, and these strategies were related to previous psychophysiological research not requiring the direct control of heart rat

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe experiment was designed to establish the relationship between the Sensation Seeking Scales (SSS) and cortical augmenting‐reducing. Forty‐nine male undergraduateSs were used.Ss were presented with five intensities of light flashes in randomly presented blocks of trials at each intensity. Averaged evoked response (AER) amplitudes were measured at each intensity of light. Augmenting‐reducing was measured for eachSas the slope of the relationship between stimulus intensity and amplitude of response. This slope measure correlated very significantly (r= .59) with the Disinhibition subscale of the SSS and positively, but not significantly, with other subscales. Comparing the low and high scorers on the Disinhibition scale, a significant interaction between groups and stimulus intensities was found but no main effects of stimulus intensity or groups were found. The high Disinhibitors did not differ from the lows at the low stimulus intensities but did differ significantly at the highest intensity where the lows showed a marked reducing tendency. The results show an interesting convergence between the Disinhibition type of sensation seeking, manic tendencies, and th

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSeveral groups of 30 college students heard sequences of noise pulses. Skin conductance response (SCR) magnitudes revealed that intensity and recency effects remain effective during habituation trials. Habituation of the SCR magnitude occurred to stimuli that were presented in a pattern composed of two intensities and to stimuli in a pattern of two interstimulus intervals though the specific differential effects of level of intensity and of recency remained clearly evident. There appeared further an enhancement of response magnitude to intense stimuli (an apparent contrast effect) when they were presented in that pattern of two intensities and compared to response to suitable control sequences. After significant but not complete habituation occurred, a reduction in stimulus intensity or of interstimulus interval reduced SCR magnitude further. The findings were discussed as supplements to Sokolov's habituation theory.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwenty male undergraduateSs underwent habituation of the skin conductance component of the orienting response to a neutral tone, spontaneous recovery, rehabituation, and dishabituation (habituation, H condition). Another 20Ss underwent the same procedure, except they received an additional 10 stimulus presentations immediately after initial habituation (extended habituation, EH condition). The EH condition resulted in more (not significant) spontaneous recovery and trials to rehabituation than did the H condition, indicating that such a “below‐zero” habituation procedure did not strengthen habituation. There were significant differences between the groups in response to a post‐rehabituation buzzer (dishabituating stimulus), and in response to the subsequent re‐presentation of the original tone stimulus (dishabituation), the EH group giving larger responses than the H group. These latter results were seen as consonant with both the Sokolov (1963) and Groves and Thompson (1970) approaches to habituation, and were discussed in tha

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAs a test of the hypothesis that pupil dilation during performance is partially due to a task related anxiety component, pupillary patterns were measured while subjects (Ss) processed digit strings of various lengths for immediate recall. Information overload resulted in a leveling of the dilation pattern which suggested a momentary suspension of processing effort. In addition, significant correlations were observed between individual differences in pupil size and recall performance.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study reports a frequency analysis of hemispheric EEG asymmetries in normal subjects performing cognitive tasks. Language and arithmetic tasks were expected to engage primarily the left hemisphere; spatial and musical tasks were expected to engage primarily the right hemisphere. Both motor and non‐motor tasks were used, e.g. writing a letter and composing a letter mentally. Recordings from temporal leads (T3,T4) and parietal leads (P3,P4) referred to the vertex Czwere subjected to discrete Fourier transforms; ratios of power from homologous leads (T4/T3, P4/P3) were computed in conventional frequency bands. These ratios (right/left) are significantly higher in verbal and arithmetic tasks than in spatial tasks primarily in the alpha band; the beta and theta bands show this effect less consistently. The delta band shows no such systematic effect of cognitive mode. Considering the alpha band alone reveals a task dependence of the asymmetry 2–5 times greater than we reported earlier for whole band power (1–35 Hz). Whenever a significant task dependence of asymmetry appears in any band, it is in the same direction: the hemisphere primarily engaged in the cognitive activity develops proportionately less power. The requirement of motor output increases the task dependence of alpha asymmetry and lowers alpha power l

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY