摘要:

ABSTRACTIn contrast to the usual description of a uniformly low basal skin resistance at the human palmar surface as compared with other parts of the body (Richter, Woodruff,&Eaton, 1943; Wilcott, 1963), the present studies reveal skin resistance patterns (SRPs) with different resistance values at different subregions of palm and forearm. The shape of these patterns is related to the season in which the experiment was performed.Three basic SRPs are described, for winter, summer, and prolonged summer heat spell, respectively: (a) an alternating pattern, (h) an oblique pattern, (c) a so‐called summer reversal pattern. The distinguishing factor for this categorization is the reciprocal electrodermal behavior of the mid‐palm and arm regions. The resistance of the palm is relatively low in the winter, intermediate in the early summer, and high in a summer heat spell, while the resistance of the arm is high in winter and summer and low in the heat spell. Experimental heating and cooling leads to independent variation of the skin resistance values at different subregions and differs as a function of the basic seasonal SRP. A follow‐up study shows that children have a less differentiated pattern, which, at all seasons tested, is similar to the oblique summer pattern of adults. The studies are considered explor

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02807.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study examined concept identification (CI) performance as a function of physiological arousal and physiological activity as a function of task complexity and expectation of success or failure. The development of an unsolvable set constituted stresses used to manipulate arousal. Results showed the following: (1) a positive correlation between CI errors and muscle action potential (MAP), (2) a negative correlation between spontaneous GSRs and MAP, (3) a greater number of spontaneous GSRs in low complexity‐solvable set CI as compared with high complexity problems, (4) progressively improving CI performance in low complexity‐solvable set problems, (5) increase in MAPs with high complexity‐unsolvable set CI. These findings were interpreted as indicating that MAP reflects internal disturbance associated with inability to process information while spontaneous GSRs reflect successful information i

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02808.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFour groups, Young Males, Young Females, Aged Males and Aged Females, were run in a discrimination conditioning paradigm with a variety of autonomic and central measures. This paper deals primarily with Electro‐Dermal Responses. The findings indicate that in all measures the Young Males and Young Females show the best discriminated conditioning, followed by Aged Females and Aged Males.In the GSP there are hints that the negative wave of the response might be related to the orienting phenomena whereas the positive wave is what becomes discriminately conditioned in the experiment.A cognitive questionnaire was accurately answered in the same rank order as the conditioning, that is. Young Males, Young Females, Aged Females and Aged Male

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02809.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effects of four types of deep breaths on the latency, the magnitude and the duration of finger volume pulse, heart rate and galvanic skin responses were studied in a quasi‐learning situation. The respiratory stimuli were normal inspirations, three times deeper than normal, six times deeper and fast, and six times deeper and slow. TwentySs took each type of deep breath in random order six times in response to specific lights. Graphs and statistical tests are presented summarizing the above relationships and two unexpected findings are discusse

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02810.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTStage 4 typically occurs dominantly in the first third of a normal night of sleep and REM sleep occurs dominantly in the last third of the night. In this experiment conditions were imposed to prevent these stages from occurring at their usual peak periods. Stage 4 sleep was permitted to occur only during the last two hours of sleep and REM was permitted to occur only during the first two hours of sleep. The results show that each stage can be partially displaced to the peak period of the other, but that stage 4 sleep is elicited more readily late in the sleep period than is REM early during the night.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02811.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn an attempt to improve the scoring of physiological responses, in terms of higher inter‐correlations of physiological variables and correlations with self‐report measures of mood change, three new scores were compared with Autonomic Lability Scores. The first score was produced by changing the sampling of physiological records to minimize spontaneous fluctuations. This increased the physiological‐mood correlations. The second and third scores provided, additionally, corrections for individual prestimulus variability. Such corrections, done by covariance adjustment, tended to increase the physiological‐mood correlations further. When done by a division procedure, no improvements were observed. None of the three scoring methods affected substantially the inter‐correlations of physiological variables. Heart rate, skin conductance, and forehead muscle tension were measured during two stimuli: a noxious movie and a m

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02812.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRelations between orienting response and span of immediate memory were studied by measuring skin potential responses (SPR) and heart rate (HR). Four conditions were studied by presenting letters in a tachistoscope and a 1000 cycle, 100 db tone simultaneous on some but not all trials. The conditions (15Ss in each) were: tone and letters for 10 trials, then letters alone for 10 trials; tone and letters for 20 trials; only letters for 10 trials, followed by letters and tone for 10 trials; and only letters for 20 trials.The results showed: (1) positive SPR habituated and negative did not, (2) tone produced more SP activity, (3) HR showed a shift from acceleration to deceleration over 20 trials, but tone had no influence, (4) tone had no direct influence on span scores, (5)Ss showed improvement in number ol letters reported correctly. There was a significant correlation between span and negative SPR when tone was sounded (r =. 36).

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02814.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTBoth the palmar surface of the finger and the skin‐drilled forearm were subjected simultaneously to the same variable concentration of NaCl solution for electrode‐electrolyte. There were no consistent tendencies in the skin potential levels, and no changes in the waveform of skin potential reflexes with varying concentrat

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02815.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper examined two reports of operant heart rate (HR) conditioning, one of which reported apparently successful cardiac slowing, and the other apparently successful cardiac speeding. Although the authors of these two studies concluded that they had demonstrated instrumental modification of HR independent of somatic mediators, this review of their results indicated that voluntary activity was a crucial mediator of the obtained effects. New statistical analyses were presented to support the notion thatSs’ cognitive and somatic activities influenced HR change more than the reinforcement contingencies utilize

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1968.tb02816.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY