摘要:

ABSTRACTFive human subjects were presented with a high frequency tone on each short inter‐heartbeat interval (IBI) and a low frequency tone on each long IBI. They were instructed to produce high tones in the presence of one visual stimulus and low tones in the presence of another under conditions of paced and unpaced respiration. The results indicated that control of heart rate is not dependent upon respiratory mediatio

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02732.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDuring classical conditioning in dogs, heart rate and two measures of somatic‐motor activity, i.e., gross movements and respiratory amplitude, were found to he interrelated in anticipation of shock, food, and food paired with shock, i.e., experimental conflict. Most commonly the anticipatory response was a cardiac acceleration which was proportional to increased somatic‐motor activity with both types of response having a similar latency and rate of change in the interstimulus interval. In the absence of anticipatory somatic responses, heart rate remained stable, decelerated, or accelerated minimally. There was some evidence to indicate that the cardiac response associated with somatic activity was exaggerated by the presence of stress. These data suggest that the influence processes like emotion have on heart rate may be mediated in part through the effect emotion has on processes controlling somatic‐motor activity. In this context, both response processes might be viewed as different aspects of the same somatic‐visceral response. An understanding of such somatic‐cardiac coupling would seem necessary for studies of the psychopathology of cardiovascular function and possibly of other behavioral

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02733.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThere are qualitative differences betweenSs in the pattern of basal skin resistance (BSR) through a night's sleep. The most common is a rapid rise to maximum value of BSR in the first hour, with a steady fall the rest of the night. A steady rise through the night is also common. No relationship between BSR and the occurrence of stage 1 dreaming was found.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe dual effector basis of the skin conductance response (SCR) was investigated in an experiment in which responses from both the dorsal and palmar surfaces of the hand were classically conditioned using a delayed, discrimination conditioning paradigm. Orienting (OR), anticipatory (AR) and unconditional responses (UCR) were distinguished on the basis of latency. Both the anticipatory response and the response which occurred when the unconditional stimulus (UCS) was omitted (CR) were conditional. The magnitude of the response from the dorsal and palmar placements was similar for the ORs, UCRs, and CRs, but the palmar ARs were significantly greater than the dorsal. A conditioning index which took into account the magnitude of the UCR, revealed that the palmar AR differentiated between reinforced and non‐reinforced conditional stimuli to a greater degree than the dorsal response. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the epidermal component of the SCR, reflected in measurements from the dorsum of the hand, accompanies the alerting or orienting response of the organism, whereas the sweat gland component of the SCR, represented largely in measurements from palmar sites, is primarily associated with a defensive, anxiety‐like respo

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02735.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThree adult females were awakened from EEG stage 1 REM and stage 2 of sleep and instructed to guess the stage of sleep from which they had been aroused. One subject obtained 27 correct discriminations (guesses) out of 29 awakenings after 84 training trials (awakenings). A second subject gave no indication of learning the discrimination in 65 trials; a third discriminated the two sleep stages significantly better than chance in 138 trials. It was suggested that the first subject successfully formed astage 1 REM/2concept that matched the occurrence of the sleep stages better than did the conceptdreaming. Several problems in concept formation of internal states during sleep were discussed.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA brief two‐component auditory stimulus was repeatedly presented at 10‐sec intervals to 48 college students. Analysis of the pattern of sec‐by‐sec changes in heart rate (HR) revealed that the only reliable response to the first stimulus was HR deceleration. During the remainder of the first 20 trials, an acceleration was the predominant response in the HR curves. When the stimulus pattern was reversed on trial 21 to study “dishabituation,” only a HR deceleration was again observed. A significant habituation effect appeared across trials employing an index based upon the difference between peak and trough values. Further analysis revealed that the two response components reflected in the peak and trough values of this index showed different rates of response decrement. The acceleratory component showed a rapid initial decrement and remained stable on subsequent trials, whereas the deceleratory component diminished more gradually. Level of autonomic arousal, as measured by skin conductance level, was unrelated to HR

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effects of subjects’ sets on autonomic functioning had previously been dem‐onstrated when the sets were induced by explicit experimental procedure. It washypothesized that implicit (non‐verbalized) sets should likewise have physiologicalcorrelates. The hypothesis was tested by exposing subjects of four different ethnicgroups, whose attitudes toward pain and pain expression are different, to an experi‐mental procedure involving electric shock. Differences were found in resting meanheart rate and palmar skin resistance and face temperature levels, in palmar skinpotential responses to repetitive shocks, and in correlations between thresholdsand heart rate, skin resistance and skin potential levels. These results closelyparallel the attitudinal differences, and together with previously reported findingsof differences in upper thresholds and adaptation of the diphasic skin potential, strongly confirm the hypothesis that subjects’ implicit sets infiuence their patternsof autonomic

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA simple inexpensive technique for obtaining finger sweat prints (FSPs) is described. Evidence for its validity is presented. The method proved approximately equal to a more elaborate procedure in sensitivity to an anticholinergic drug effect. FSP techniques, perhaps, have been technically refined without the compensating gains of increased reliability or validity.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper by Schachter and Singer (1962) on “determinants of emotional state” is criticized on the grounds that (a) levels of arousal were not the same for the different conditions compared; (b) the placebo groups were consistently not significantly different from the control groups on the various measures of emotional states; (c) the self‐report indices were inadequate as measuring instruments; (d) a double‐blind procedure was not used; and (e) there is a marked overgeneralization on the basis of very limited samplings of conditions, emotions, arousal states and types of s

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwenty per cent changes in breathing rate (increases and decreases), sustained for 10 min, do not change average heart rate; however, increases in breathing rate tend to decrease the standard deviation of heart rate and decreases in breathing rate tend to increase the standard deviation of heart rate. Neither increases nor decreases in breathing rate abolish sinus arrhythmia.Finger pulse volume is decreased by both increases and decreases in breathing rate. The standard deviation of finger pulse volume is decreased during slow‐paced breathing and unchanged during fast‐paced breathing. The decrease in finger pulse volume occurs within the first minute during slow‐paced breathing; however, during fast‐paced breathing the decrease does not occur until about 4 min after the onset of paced br

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1967.tb02741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY