摘要:

ABSTRACTHeart rate level and phasic responses to auditory stimuli were recorded in a total of 39 newborn offspring with one schizophrenic parent and compared to those of 82 newborns with no family history of a schizophrenic disorder as well as to those of 48 newborns with a possible family history of A schizophrenic disorder. Newborns were tested for 31/2 hrs on the second and, again, on the third postnatal day, and the data were analyzed in relation to a number of prenatal variables. Results indicated a significant interaction between diagnostic group and the level of maternal delivery medication for the change in heart rate level during the second, but not the third, postnatal day. The possible validity of this finding is discussed, and reasons for the failure to obtain more definitive heart rate differences between these groups of newborns are considered.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA total of 59 recordings of simultaneous EEG‐cerebral electrical impedance plethysmography (REG), in which periods of wakefulness drifted into light sleep, were considered; 32 of these recordings were from 9 healthy subjects, 27 were from 7 psychiatric patients (schizophrenics and organic brain syndromes). Digital measurements of three REG parameters and of two carotid‐vertebral artery blood transit times from representative samples of pulse‐volume waves were made from awake parts of each recording and compared with similarly obtained measurements from the subsequent sleeping portions.For the total group none of the neck transit times' differences reached significance but there were significant REG decreases of 11 and 15 percent in Amplitude for the left and right hemispheres respectively. Inflow Angle similarly fell by 4 (L) and 5 (R) percent; and Percent Rise Time decreased by 11 (L) and 5 (R) percent.Psychiatric patients could be distinguished from control subjects by their significantly greater decreases with sleep in both Amplitude (10 and 4 times greater for left and right sides) and Inflow Angle (by factors of 3 and 2 similarly).Our REG findings support those of other workers using alternative invasive methods to investigate cerebral circulation during non‐REM sleep in animals

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of initial level of vasomotor tonus, as measured by pulse‐wave amplitude, on the cutaneous blood‐volume response to a 1‐min cold immersioa of an extremity. The design included 3 test sessions, I wk apart, in which room temperature was set at either 32°C, 22°C, or 12°C. Pulse‐wave amplitude and blood volume of the left thumb were recorded plethysmographically. Room temperature manipulated the state of the peripheral vasculature successfully, with subjects at 12°C having smaller pulse‐wave amplitudes than at 32°C, during rest, It has been specifically hypothesized that when subjects were more constricted at rest, as at 12°C, the response to cold immersion would be an increase in blood volume, and when they were more dilated, as at 32°C, that the response would he a drop in blood volume, while subjects at 22°C would fall in between. It was further hypothesized that should CP habituation occur over the 3 sessions, it would be seen as a smaller drop for the 32°C and 22°C sessions and a smaller volume increase for the 12°C sessions. Both hypotheses were supported by the data. The results indicate that the magnitude and direction of change in cutaneous vascular systems depends on prestimulus tonus, and that the response to cold stress is not strictly stimulus bound, but that is dependent equally as much upon initial level of tonus. Habituation is seen as a decrease in response magnitude, reg

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEEGs were recorded in a group of 41 healthy children aged 5–17 yrs, under conditions where state of the organism was carefully controlled, For each child, durations of a sample of 760 EEG half wavelengths were measured and distributed into an interval histogram. A central‐moments analysis revealed that the first four central moments of the distributions‐which measure the central tendency, dispersion, skewness, and kurtosis of the interval histograms‐were significantly correlated (p<.01) with age of the children. Multiple regression analysis yielded a statistically‐significant multiple correlation coefficient (R) which was equal to 711. Successive recomputations of R using fewer than the four predictor predictor variable yielded an R of .704, when only the measures of dispersion, skewness. and kurtosis were employed.The Predictive value of the multiple regression equation based on the three predictor variables was tested in an independent group of 42 children also aged 5‐17 yrs. EEGs were recorded us in the previous sample, and the second, third, and fourth moments of their distributions of 760 EEG half wavelength were determined. When used in the previously‐derived multiple regression equation, these moments yielded estimated ages which correlated significantly (.47) with the children's actual ages. Since the regression equation could reduce from chance the error of predicting age in the 5–17 yr old range by about 22%, it was concluded that the higher‐order central moments of EEG interval histograms can be of use in charting the course of normal growt

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo groups of normotensive human subjects of both sexes received contingent feedback for increases or decreases in systolic blood pressure, and two additional groups received random (non‐contingent) feedback or no feedback. Subjects in all groups served fur three 1‐hr sessions separated by intervals of 24 hrs. Reliable decreases in blood pressure, reaching a maximum of 9.5 mm Hg at the end of the third session, were observed in the decrease group. No systematic changes in blood pressure were observed in the increase, random, or no‐feedback groups. Heart rate increased or decreased in the groups receiving contingent feedback for increasing or decreasing blood pressure, respectively. It is concluded that contingent feedback is effective in lowering blood pressure and that decreases are augmented by extended training. The covariance of heart rate and blood pressure is discussed with reference lo curlier experi

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe relationship between artificial ventilation, cardiovascular status, and operant conditioning in the curarized rat was investigated in a series of studies. Two respiratory parameters, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and respiratory rate (RR), were sequentially altered in curarized rats while heart rate and variability, and mean blood pressure were recorded. Heart rate increases or decreases were also rewarded in curarized rats ventilated at differing PIP values, 20 cm H2O or 12 cm H2O. Heart rate and variability were also recorded in non‐curarized rats. At PIP 12, heart rate and variability in the curarized rat was very similar to that of the non‐curarized rat. These subjects responded to operant contingencies. Subjects ventilated at PIP 20, however, showed elevated, invariant, and unresponsive heart rates. Ventilation therefore, proved an important determinant of cardiovasculur status and conditionability in the curarized rat. RR was not related to heart rate or variability. Neither PIP nor RR affected blood press

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCardiac and behavioral reactivity of the human newborn to facial stimulation eliciting approach and escape responses were compared in order to test the distinction between cardiac orienting and defensive reactions. Each infant received 8 trials each of check stimulation (stroking near the mouth) and ear stimulation (pinch on the ear lobe). HR response to both tactile stimuli were accelerations of different amplitude when motor responses were also present. When no overt behavioral response was observed, stroking on the check elicited cardiac deceleration while ear stimulation again elicited acceleration. Thus, cardiac orienting was demonstrated in newborns when a rooting stimulus was presented that did not elicit overt head turning. The HR response to ear stimulation on trials unaccompanied by observed movements was a larger acceleration than to cheek stimulation when movement was present. This finding suggests that movement itself does not produce the observed HR increase, but rather that central processing of the signal value of the stimulus determines both overt and cardiac responding.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY