摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study examined the effect of three variables held to influence heart rate response during imagery‐related text processing: mode of processing, content of text, and inclusion of response information in the text. Sixty‐four undergraduates imagined and silently repeated fearful and neutral sentences in a paradigm designed to allow for self‐initiation of sentence processing. Fear sentences either included or did not include information about bodily responses in the image. Heart rate accelerated more during fear imagery than during neutral imagery or silent repetition of either type of sentence. Inclusion of response information in fear material did not increase heart rate response to imagery, but did affect self‐report in the predicted direction. Heart rate waveform prior to the sentence tasks indicated pre‐processing of fearful material. The results were discussed in relation to a bio‐informational theory of imagery, which asserts that emotional imagery accesses the same centrally‐mediated response program as is evoked in the target reality context, and thus occasions measurable activity in the appropri

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00626.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTSingle trial event‐related potentials at Fz, CZ, P7, and OZwere measured concurrently with the skin conductance response (SCR) in a habituation paradigm. Half the subjects (26) were told that the same stimulus would be presented a number of times in the middle of a TV screen (“certain condition”), and the other half were not informed about the stimuli (“uncertain condition”). Within each of these groups, half of the subjects received 32 stimuli of 4 bits of information and the other half received 32 stimuli of 60 bits of information. No task‐relevance was given to the stimuli. Larger vertex P300 waves were associated with more complex stimuli, but uncertainty had no effect on the P300. A significant complexity × uncertainty × trials interaction was found on a sustained late positive activity, called the Slow Wave (SW), which was maximal at Pzand habituated rapidly. As before, we found that both the SCR and the vertex P300 habituated. No effect of uncertainty or complexity was found on the SCR. The results suggest that the SW is a useful index of information processing, and that the SCR and P300 must be considered to index different aspects of informati

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00628.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00629.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEight normal young adult sleepers spent 4 nonconsecutive weeks in the laboratory. Each week consisted of a baseline night followed by 2 consecutive nights of disrupted sleep, followed by 2 recovery nights. Disruption conditions included: a) brief awakening after each minute of accumulated sleep, b) brief awakening after each 10 min of accumulated sleep, c) 2.5 hrs of normal sleep followed by a brief awakening at each sleep onset, and d) total sleep deprivation. Morning testing revealed that all disruption conditions decreased sleep latency in a morning nap test. Performance after 1‐min disruptions approximated that seen after total sleep loss. Performance decrements were less in the 10‐min condition and least in the 2.5‐hr sleep condition. Performance under baseline and total sleep loss conditions was used to predict performance during the sleep deprivation condition using four sleep stage rules. Total time asleep and total time asleep minus stage 1 predicted performance poorly. Total SWS plus REM predicted performance best but could not differentiate the 10‐min and 2.5‐hr conditions. Therefore, it was concluded that the data were most parsimoniously explained by the Sleep Continuity Theory—i.e., that periods of uninterrupted sleep in excess of 10 min are required for sleep to be

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00630.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00631.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMultichannel psychophysiological recording was used to monitor phasic stress reactivity to intermittent environmental noise bursts both before and after either real or sham smoking by women. Smoking induced heart rate acceleration, peripheral vasoconstriction, and increased pulse velocity. These tonic effects were accompanied by a suppression of noise‐induced tachycardia and a partial inhibition of noise‐induced vasoconstriction. Contrary to its activating effect on cardiovascular tonus, smoking lowered skin conductance amplitudes. Subjective stress to the successive noise bursts increased over time in the sham smokers but remained unchanged in real smokers, both prior to as well as after smoking. This lack of sensitization prior to real smoking may be a learned relaxation response based on anticipation. It was concluded that smoking not only shifts the tonus of vegetative functions but also partially stabilizes the system against external stress lo

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00632.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwenty premenopausal, 14 postmenopausal, and 14 postmenopausal women receiving replacement estrogen therapy were studied to determine whether differences in hormone status were associated with differences in physiological and subjective sexual responses. All subjects viewed a neutral, an erotic, and a second neutral videotape while photoplethysmographic vaginal pulse amplitude was continuously recorded. Self‐report ratings of sexual arousal and affective response were collected. Serum levels of testosterone, estradiol, estrone, and luteinizing hormone were obtained. The three groups did not differ in either average or maximum vaginal pulse amplitude to the videotapes nor in latency of sexual response. The postmenopausal women not taking replacement estrogen reported significantly less vaginal lubrication in response to the erotic videotape than the higher estrogen premenopausal and replacement hormone groups. Estradiol level was significantly correlated with ratings of vaginal lubrication in response to the erotic videotape but not with vaginal pulse amplitude. Results thus suggest that estrogen is important in maintaining vaginal lubrication and the perception of sexual arousal but not in determining vaginal vasocongestio

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00633.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00634.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRecent concepts of sleep/wake regulation have emphasized circadian influences and largely disregarded homeostatic ones. The present experiment was designed to study sleep loss homeostasis while minimizing confounding circadian influences. Eight male subjects participated in the study. Night sleep was curtailed across four conditions to yield 0, 2, 4, or 8 hrs of sleep. The effects were studied on subsequent day sleep begun at 1100h and spontaneously terminated. Total sleep time (TST), Stage 2 (S2), and Stages 3+4 (SWS) showed very strong dose‐dependent increases with increasing loss. REM sleep did not respond. After maximum sleep loss TST and S2 doubled whereas SWS increased fivefold. Sleep did not terminate until the prior loss of SWS had been recovered. The total SWS recovery approximately matched the loss. TST, S2, and REM failed to recover more than limited amounts of the loss. The results show that homeostatic influences on sleep may be much larger than usually acknowledged and that SWS closely, although not perfectly, reflects the “active component’ of sleep homeos

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1986.tb00635.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY