ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwenty‐two male volunteers participated in an experiment designed to test the efficiency of two procedures, one emphasizing analogue and the other binary feedback, in training human subjects (Ss) to change their heart rate.Ss were seen for 7 separate sessions, which included 2 training sessions in speeding heart rate and 2 devoted to slowing. Both heart rate and respiration cycle length were recorded. The timing of the experiment, presentation of instructions, feedback, data acquisition, and primary data reduction were all accomplished in real‐time by a computer. The feedback mediated acquisition of directional changes in heart rate was demonstrated, and these changes were sustained on instruction with feedback removed. No differences between the binary and analogue procedures were noted for slowing. However, the analogue display prompted significantly greater instructed acceleration than the binary method. An important distinction was made between organ feedback (heart activity) and task performance feedback (relative success or failure). It was noted that the acquisition of heart rate speeding and slowing appear to involve different psychophysiological mechani

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe present study was designed to investigate Sokolov's (1963) proposal that overextinction of the orienting response (OR) is related to sleep onset. A series of 80 auditory stimuli was presented to 22 male and femaleSs. Although re‐evocation of the skin conductance response (SCR) component of the OR occurred, in the majority ofSs, after 40–50 stimulus presentations, this was not accompanied by any change in cortical alertness as measured by integrated EEG output in three frequency bands (2–4, 4–8, and 8–13 Hz). However, the results did indicate thatSs displaying SCR return required more stimulus presentations before initial SCR habituation and displayed more spontaneous fluctuations in skin conductance during the prestimulus period than did non‐returnSs. Within the return group, latency of SCR return was negatively related to both spontaneous activity during the prestimulus period and number of stimuli to initial

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPrevious authors suggested that the electrodermal orienting response to stimulus onset (OR) reflects cognitive processes related to the content of a stimulus while responses to stimulus offset (TOR) reflect processes related to stimulus duration. Experiment 1 tested the hypothesis that the OR and TOR are special cases ofSs responding to whatever part of the stimulus contains information necessary to make the requested judgment. The results clearly supported this alternative hypothesis. TheSs responded to stimulus onset when asked to judge the pitch (content) of a constant tone and to stimulus offset when asked to judge the terminal pitch of a varying tone. They responded to both the onset and offset of a stimulus when asked to compare the onset and offset pitch and when asked to judge stimulus duration. Experiment 2 partially replicated Experiment 1 in an attempt to assess the OR‐TOR phenomenon in a second sensory modality (vision) and with a second dependent measure. The patterns of both electrodermal and heart rate responses were similar to those of Experiment 1 and to those observed by other author

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo within‐Sexperiments involving 20Ss each and one between‐Sexperiment employing 100Ss were performed to examine effects of stimulus intensity on orienting response amplitude and habituation. Five intensities of a 1000 Hz tone were presented, ranging from 0 to 40 dB in Experiment I and from 0 to 80 dB in Experiments II and III. Response measures were skin conductance response (SCR) and heart rate (HR). Skin conductance response amplitude increased monotonically with stimulus intensity while HR deceleration was a generally decreasing function which tended to decrease, increase, and finally decrease again as intensity increased.Not only was deceleration greatest at 0 dB but it was more resistant to habituation. Several intensities of test stimulation were presented after habituating stimuli in the between‐Sexperiment. Skin conductance response to test stimuli was facilitated by habituation at 0 dB and depressed by habituation at 80 dB. The results suggest a direct relationship between stimulus intensity and development of habitu

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe topographic distribution of the amplitudes of the contingent negative variation (CNV) recorded along the midline at the anterior, central, and posterior regions of the human scalp varied as a function of type of information processing demanded. A parietal‐dominant CNV was found when active problem‐solving behavior was required. A central‐dominant CNV was evident in a disjunctive reaction time task. The results are interpreted as evidence supporting a model of cortical function which predicts shifts in cortical involvement as a function of type of task demands. A late positive component (LPC) of the average evoked potential was also found to vary as a function of stage of learning, recording sites, and an attitudinal dimension measured by Rotter's internal‐external locus of contro

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1974.tb01135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY