摘要:

ABSTRACTWeak lead stimulation can modify the human startle reflex It is proposed that, with the aid of physiological measures taken in the interval between lead and startle stimuli, this paradigm offers a promising method of investigating different levels of central processing, the operation of a short time‐constant as opposed to a long time‐constant system, and the operation of an orienting‐Attentional as apposed an Intensity dependent activational s

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01284.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDose‐related from muscular paralysis was examined in rats following a single intraperitoneal injection of one of three neuromuscular blockers: succinylcholine (SC), dimethyl d‐tubocurarine iodide (DM), or d‐tubocurarine chloride (dTC), Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the ipsilateral biceps femoris and biceps brachii muscles were sampled in each S. Time required to attain a predetermined percent integrated EMG activity, relative in a level established after drug stabilization, served as the major index of recovery. The results showed that the effect of SC and DM on regaining motor control is predictable on a mg/kg body weight basis. However, increasing the dose level of dTC produced no difference in the time required for the initial consistent signs of EMG recovery. Drug‐dosage effects on recovery from paralysis could not be attributed to systematic changes in either basal heart rate or rectal temperature. The results are interpreted as supporting other reports of the unpredictable consequences of dTC‐induced

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIf the prolonged orienting response, reflected in monophasic cardiac deceleration, indicates attention to stimulus inputs, it should not be easy to evoke the response during sleep. Two experiments confirmed and extended previous work showing that the heart rate response in sleep is primarily accelerative. Acceleration occurred with low intensity. 1000 Hz tones of gradual onset and even to tone offsets when either tone onsets or offsets also elicited a K‐Complex. In the absense of a K‐complex, there were no significant or consistent changes. Since the accelerative component was present on the first trial, habituation could not account for its appearance. It was concluded that the sleep response probably does not reflect an orienting respo

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe relationship between heart rate (HR) changes and fixed reaction time (RT) performance was studied in groups of normal and mentally retarded male Ss. Each 5 received blocks of 15 RT trials during 4‐, 7‐, and 13‐sec preparatory intervals. Heart rate was continuously monitored. The results revealed that retarded Ss had significantly slower RT scores, significantly lower basal HR, and lower magnitude HR decelerations prior to reaction signal onset when compared to normal Ss. These group differences were apparent in all three preparatory interval conditions and were interpreted to indicate less accurate covert timing of PI length in retarded 5s. Correlations between HR deceleration (measured during the sec in which the reaction signal occurred) and RI scores lent support to the notion that significant HR deceleration accompanies fast RT responding in all but the 13‐sec PI condition for retarded Ss. In this condition, HR acceleration was related to fast RT performance in retarded Ss. It was suggested that in the 13‐sec PI, retarded Ss exhibited a dissociation between somatic and autonomic response systems which might he related to an information processing deficit in tasks of extended

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present paper is to review the literature on the cold pressor test and to discuss the ways in which these investigations have pointed toward a model of homeostatic function. The research employing the cold pressor test includes studies of psychosomatic illness, factors influencing autonomic response in stress, the relationship between psychological disorder and autonomic responsivity, as well as studies of cortical influences on autonomic function, and the relationship between stress and task performance. From these studies, several parameters of a potential model of homoeostasis are selected and discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of autonomic balance and initial values in influencing autonomic response to stress.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe study attempts to describe the detection of information paradigm, based on differential GSR reactivity in terms of basic habituation processes. Two GSR habituation curves, for relevant and neutral stimuli, were generated rated on a sample of 83 Ss. Relevant and neutral stimuli exhibited similar habituation curves, From these two habituation curves it was possible to predict in a meaningful fashion the characteristics of standard information detection experiments using a notion ofdichotomization. This notion refers to separate habituation processes for the relevant and neutral stimuluscategories. The predictions were tested on an additional sample of 102 Ss. It was found that without additional assumptions it was possible to predict, at least the order, of the efficiencies of detection in various information detection tasks. In light of the present results, consideration was given to Sokolov's concept of “signal value

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPhysiological responses were recorded while 9 females (Group P) who Feared spiders and 9 who did not (Group N) viewed “neutral” and spider slides in a delayed, differential conditioning procedure. Two different tones were the conditioned stimuli, and 12 neutral and 12 spider slides the unconditioned stimuli. Each CS was 11 sec long.Only Group P showed differential HR conditioning‐anticipatory acceleration to the CS preceding the spider slides (CS+). For both groups, cephalic vasoconstriction was greater to the CS+ than to the CS‐. However, with repeated trials Group P's response to the CS+ became more prolonged, so that by the last block of trials contraction persisted until the end of the CS period. Group N's response, on the other hand, continued to be constriction followed by rapid recovery to the prestimulus level. Although significant electrodermal conditioning did not occur, Group P tended to give larger anticipatory SC. responses to the CS+ than to the CS‐. There was little evidence of somatic‐autonomic coupling on a group basis. When considered along with post‐experimental reports, the results indicate that at least some of the cardiovascular components of the defensive response (DR) are

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY