ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTen‐, 14‐, and 19‐yr‐olds participated in a simple RT task with 5‐sec foreperiod. CNV waveforms contained an early and a late negative component, and comparable deceleratory limbs characterized the cardiac waveforms. The 19‐yr‐oldsapos; early cardiac deceleration underwent intersession habituation and the analogous CNV responseintra‐sessiondiminution; both processes were absent in younger subjects. Only young adults exhibited steady growth of late cardiac and CNV waves across both sessions. There were no developmental differences in basal body movement oranticipatoryslowing of somatic activity or cardiac rate. However, 10‐yr‐olds had faster basal heart rates and largeracceleratorycardiac responses within the foreperiod than either older group. The results demonstrated partial dissociation of somatic and cardiac activity under the present experimental conditions. The overall results underscore the need for developmental psychophysiological research including childh

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis experiment was designed with stimulus parameters deliberately chosen to maximize the probability of observing habituation of the orienting response (OR) in sleep: weak stimulus, short interstimulas interval. with test for both dishabituation and spontaneous recovery, Habituation of finger plethysmograph. heart rate, skin potential. and skin resistance responses was studied in delta sleep and RKM sleep in 46 male undergraduate volunteers. There was significant habituation of both finger plethysmograph and heart rate responses in both delta and REM sleep, as well as dishabituation and spontaneous recovery. None of these effects was observed in the electrodermal measures. Results were compared with other studies of habituation of the OR in sleep, as well as theories of habituation. The authors do not interpret the results as demonstrating learning during steep.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo studies of information processing in normal human sleep are reported. In Experiment I it was found that subjects responded differentially in stage 2 sleep to “own name,”“other name,” and tone stimuli (decreasing in that order) as reflected in both the finger plethysmograph (FP)and heart rate (HR) and to some extent the EEG K‐complex response, and similarly in REM sleep as reflected in the FP measure and to some extent the HR measure, but not in sleep stage 3–4. In Experiment II it was found that conditioned discrimination acquired during wakefulness persisted in sleep stage 4, as reflected in the FP and HR measures, and sleep stage 2, as reflected in the K‐complex response, but not in REM sleep. Results are compared to other studies of information processing in sleep. It is concluded that the results appear to indicate differential availability of the mechanisms of long‐term memory, short‐term memory, and stimulus preprocessing in the various stages of sleep. The authors further noted a bifurcation of the autonomic nervous system in sleep into two discrete effector limbs: electrodermal a

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTStudies by AX and Bamford (1970) and by Gruzelier and Venables (1972) showed that schizophrenics had faster electrodermal recovery rates than normals. This appeared paradoxical in view of the apparent association of fast recovery with goal‐oriented behavior. However, it seemed possible that their results reflected the greater effect of their aversive test situations on the control groups as compared to schizophrenics, since it has been shown that aversive stimuli tend to cause slowing of recovery. It was therefore predicted that for non‐aversive stimuli and tasks demanding goal‐orientation the results would be reversed and schizophrenics would have slower recovery rates than normals. The present study examined recovery rate for 28 hospitalized schizophrenics, free of medication, and 27 controls, under non‐aversive conditions, i.e. mild stimuli, rest, or simple tasks, as well as one aversive situation, the cold pressor test. For the non‐aversive situations, the schizophrenics had significantly slower recovery rates. For the aversive situation there was no significant difference. Results are consistent with the interpretation that schizophrenics usually have slower recovery than normals but may be less susceptible than normals to the slowing effects of aversive elements in the stimulus

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTo evaluate respiratory effects on the cardiac response to simple stimuli, 10 female subjects were presented with a series of 20 100 dB tones with stimulus onset occurring at either peak expiration or peak inspiration. The heart rate response at peak inspiration is quartic in form (deceleration‐acceleration‐deceleration‐ acceleration) and differs significantly from that obtained at peak expiration which is cubic in form (acceleration‐deceleration ‐deceleration‐acceleration). These differences can be eliminated, however, by subtracting heart rate values obtained during control periods from the heart rate response to

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to test sleep efficiency while subjects were maintained on non‐24‐hr regimens of sleep and wakefulness. The regimens studied were 9, 12, 18, 30, and 36‐hr sleep‐wake cycles. In each regimen the ratio of.sleep to wakefulness was held constant in a 1:2 ratio, i.e. there were 2 hrs of wakefulness for each hour of scheduled sleep.The amounts of sleep obtained under each experimental regimen were less than those obtained under the baseline days or 24 hrs. The sleep losses resulted both from an increase in the latency of sleep onset and increased wakefulness after sleep unset. The primary variables which resulted in less efficient sleep were schedule differences in prior wakefulness, circadian effects on the displacement of sleep onset times, a sleep termination effect, and the frequency of occurrence of the allotted sleep periods. In the short regimens the awake time after sleep onset was strongly associated with the degree to which prior wakefulness was reduced. In the longer regimens the principal sources of awake time were extended sleep length and a sleep termination

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the effects of rise‐decay time and intensity (70dB; 90dB| of pure tones on cephalic and finger vascular responses. Cephalic dilation responses similar to those reported by Sokolov were obtained, as well as cephalic dilation response*, which were interpreted as attributable to startle. Cephalic constriction responses were observed at 90dB only and occurred more frequently for slow rise than for fast rise tunes which were conducive to the production of startle. The negative results with respect to (he cephalic vasomotor response, reported by most American investigators, can be rationalized from the results of the present stud

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb00065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY