摘要:

ABSTRACTMean HRs recorded during sequences of perceptual‐motor and cognitive tasks were predicted from ratings of task characteristics such as complexity and frequency of stimuli, transformations, and responses. In three separate groups of Ss and tasks the correlations between mean HRs and task demand ratings were ≥

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1970.tb01761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTen hospital corpsmen working the 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. shift were selected for a study of night workers. Each completed a questionnaire describing his experiences with night work, and each slept in the laboratory for several days, while continuous EEG recordings were made. Although the quantity and distribution of the EEG sleep stages was not greatly different from that found in night sleep periods, there were some irregularities in the progression of EEG patterns, particularly interruptions in Stage REM sleep. It appeared that Ss slept better, worked better, and felt better after several weeks of assignment to night shift work.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1970.tb01762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA late positive‐going component (P3) of the average evoked potential recorded from human scalp was shown to be quantitatively related to aprioristimulus probability both when the S was told the identity of the stimulus before it was presented and when the S was not told, and was instructed to guess. In the guessing situation, the amplitude of P3was much larger and was influenced not only by the aprioriprobability of events determined by the experimenter but also by the interaction of these probabilities with the S's guessing behavior. The amplitude of the late positive component was inversely related to the proportion of trials in which a particular event was associated with a particular guess, i.e., the proportion of hits and misses. It was larger the more unexpected the outcome of the guess. This relationship held for different methods of manipulating the probability of two event

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1970.tb01763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDiscrete trials methodology was used to study the instrumental modification of elicited palmar SPRs in humans. Simple auditory stimuli defined the trials for a number of different reinforcement conditions. The data indicate that autonomic responses elicited by discrete stimuli can be facilitated by operant reinforcement, but there is no evidence for an inhibitory or suppressive effect. The specific contingency of reinforcement and response appears necessary to show the effect.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1970.tb01764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effects of avoidance conditioning of the GSR on HR responses were investigated. Seven Ss were allowed to avoid a shock if their GSR during a preceding 5.0 sec light was greater than a criterion magnitude. Each avoidance S had a yoked‐control partner who received exactly the same series of shocked and nonshocked trials, regardless of his own GSR behavior. Sixty trials were given. Avoidance Ss gave significantly larger GSRs and cardiac deceleration took place at a significantly greater rate in the avoidance group. The results were interpreted as supporting the conclusion that when an avoidance paradigm is used to modify a particular autonomic response, the effects extend to other autonomic arousal or anticipatory responses. Each S was questioned in a post‐training interview about his awareness of means of avoiding the shock. No S was able to verbalize any method that could be used to prevent shock from occurr

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1970.tb01765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPhysiological responses were recorded while 48 maleSs viewed a series of 30 slides of homicide scenes, nude females, or ordinary objects. Half theSs saw the same slide 30 times while the others saw a different slide on each trial. The physiological responses given by all six groups involved were those generally associated with an OR—increase in skin conductance, cardiac deceleration, and digital vasoconstriction. In addition, a biphasic cephalic vasomotor response, consisting of constriction followed by dilation, was observed. Stimulus presentation was also accompanied by a sharp reduction in eyeblink rate.The physiological and eyeblink responses given bySs who saw a different homicide scene on each trial were generally greater and more resistant to habituation than were those given by otherSs.Ss repeatedly shown the same homicide scene gave relatively small cardiac and cephalic vasomotor responses, and showed rapid habituation of the electrodermal respons

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1970.tb01766.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA family of poor readers is shown to have attenuation of the visual evoked response (VER) in the left parietal area. Studies of two samples of poor readers, and a sample of children with contrasting verbal‐performance discrepancies on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale also show significant relationships between verbal skills and the late components of the VER. The strongest VER amplitude correlations occur in the left parietal area. Children with verbal‐performance discrepancies also show some highly significant latency effects in the late waves of the

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1970.tb01767.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHeart rate of curarized and non‐curarized rats was recorded while both groups were exposed to classical conditioning procedures with tone as the conditional stimulus (CS) and shock as the unconditional stimulus (UCS). The unconditional HR response of curarized animals to the tone was significantly greater than that of the non‐curarized animals, while the HR response to shock of the curarized animals was significantly less than that of the non‐curarized group. Both groups showed evidence of conditioning over 30 conditioning t

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1970.tb01768.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEach one of 26 children, aged 3 and 4, was tested in 6 ordered information detection sequences. Physiological responsiveness was observed in the GSR. It was found that Short Term Physiological Activation (STPA) could be manipulated in the predicted order using combinations of the following facets: a) frequency of usage of the stimulus by the organism, b) relevance of the stimulus to the organism, and c) whether or not a verbal response to the stimulus was required. The results were similar to those observed previously in an adult sample (Lieblich, 1969).

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1970.tb01769.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThree studies involving quantitative changes in alpha activity are reported. Sixteen normal volunteers were shown neutral or emotionally provoking words appearing with slowly increasing intensity on a frosted glass pane in a darkened room. A differential reaction was observed, i.e., with emotional words there was a higher alpha percentage from the time before theSs perceived the light until after they could read the word. In the second study 10 normal volunteers were stimulated with closed eyes for2‐sec periods of diffuse light after the hypnotic suggestion of blindness. Compared with the prestimulus interval there was an average increase in alpha amplitude, whereas the control condition showed the usual alpha decrease during stimulation. In the third study 32 chronic schizophrenic patients were given a Phenothiazine derivative over 3 months after a 2‐month placebo period. Ratings of alpha activity as to occipital amplitude, group length, topographical extension, and occurrence in synchronous groups showed a progressive increase from the placebo condition to the third mo

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1970.tb01770.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY