摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the basics of digital logic operations, discusses the functional operation of electronic circuits which accomplish these operations and analyzes the operation of complexes of these circuits which may be used for counting, timing, and amplitude registration of the phenomena of interest in psycho‐physiological researc

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb03224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHeart rate was recorded on a SETAR (Serial Event Timer and Recorder) This gave a digital reading on punched paper tape for each R‐R interval. A computer program for the analysis of cyclic cardiac activity, which identifies the troughs and peaks in a series of heart beats, is described. These readings are cast into frequency distributions, as are differences between successive troughs and peaks, both in terms of amplitude and elapsed tim

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb03225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to investigate the interrelationships betwen personility variables measured by both the Blacky Pictures and the Defense Preference Inquiry, and epinephrine‐like and norepinephrine‐like blood pressure reactions to intramuscular Mecholyl.Thirty hospitalized, open ward, male, acute, psychiatric patients were used as subjects. To evaluate the degree of relationship, phe coefficients were computed betwen the two blood pressure categories and the twenty‐two personality dimensions.A norepinephrine‐like blood pressure reaction to Mecholyl was associated with a rether primitive and infantile personality constellation, characterized by a tendency to utilize regression and projection as preferred ego defences. The epinephrine‐like blood pressure to Mecholyl was related to a strong attachment to mother, a lesser tendency toward regression, and the utilization of reaction formation as the preferred ago defense.The results of this study were quite similar to that previously reported by Funkenstein. Thus, the present data give further support to the hypothesis that the way an individual characteristically adjusts at the physiological level to a chemical stres is related to his underlying personality structure, and to his characteristic way of handling psychologic

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb03226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken to determine those changes which take place in a number of psychophysiological measures as a function of time and repetition of experimental sessions.Eight male chronic schizophrenic patients served as subjects. They were seen twice weekly for a total of 12 30‐min sessions, during which continuous polygraph recordings and blood pressures at 3‐min intervals were obtained. Variables analyzed for this study were blood pressure, heart and respiration rates, skin conductance, finger pulse volume, and muscle tension. The data were treated by analysis of variance for between‐session (days) and within‐session (intervals) effects.The hypothesis of decreasing activation was sustained only for heart rate. No other variable showed systematic changes associated with successive test sessions.Auxiliary data suggests that the variables which reflect adaptation effects depend upon the laboratory, subject population, and frequency of measurement. It is concluded that except for the particular variable which shows a session‐to‐session adaptation effect, individual variability and measurement error remain as the major sources of test‐retest unreliability in the variables and popul

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb03227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose was to review systematically recent non‐periodical publications concerned with the behavioral aspects of cyclic phenomena, especially of the “circadian” rhythms, including sleep and wakefulness. The author considers the reports of the international conferences of the Society for Bilogical Rhythms as well as publications in English (rythmic annimal behavior, ibernation, sleep), German (periodicity in psychopathology, vircadian rhythms inman and shift‐work), and Russian (circadian rhythms in annimals). It is suggested that, while the mastery of fire‐making and invention of more modern means of artiticial illuminiation have long liberated man from dependence on the natural sequence of day and night, consderations of space flight put the whole subject of biological rhythms into a new, challenging pe

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb03228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe incidence of specificity and stereotypy was examined among 36 Ss'responses to six intensities of a 1000‐cps tone. It was found that stereotypy occurred in 26 of the 36 Ss and was significantly less frequent among subjects in an intermediate range of ego strength. When a significant hierarchical patterning of ranks was found (stereotypy), there was marked individual variation in the order of ranks among physiological variables and the order was not related to ego strength. Specificity of response was less frequent, occurring in 16 of the 36 Ss. There was significantly more specificity in a high ego strength group as compared to middle and low Ea groups. Specificity occurred most frequently on heart rate but not significantly more frequentl

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb03229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA series of investigations was conducted to determine which physical parameters must be controlled to deliver constant electrical stimulation and the effect of controlling these parameters on subjective estimates of shock intensity. Constant voltage and constant current stimulation were tested with eight waveforms and five electrode configurations, including a concentric disc electrode. Dry skin and treated skin techniques were tested in a comparative power experiment and with a method of magnitude estimation.Passing an electrical stimulus through an electrode‐skin circuit produces a marked reduction in the impedance of that circuit. This drop in impedance is a local effect, rather than a centrally mediated response, causes differences in perceived magnitude, and occurs no matter whether voltage, current, or power is held constant and no matter what waveform, frequency or electrode configuration is used. The use of the concentric disc electrode and treatment of the skin with an electrolyte makes it possible to reduce impedance to a predetermined level, which when combined with constant voltage or constant current results in a constant physical stimulus and constant subjective estimates of the stimulus intensit

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb03230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAlert and drowsy subjects (by EEG criterion) were compared in two experiments for psychophysiological habituation of the orienting response. Subjects in Experiment I (N = 30) received 10 presentations of a doorbell‐type buzzer, and in Experiment II (N = 69) they received 10 presentations of a 500‐cps tone. Comparisons were made of: (I) galvanic skin response (GSR); (2) spontaneous GSRs between trials; (3) heart rate (HR) responses; (4) finger vasoconstriction responses; (5) finger temperature responses; and (0) respiration. Results showed that there were no differences between groups in GSR; however, the drowsy group showed consistently fewer spontaneous GSRs. Cardiovascular response measures of the drowsy groups showed consistently and significantly greater responses on the later trials and, therefore, no habituation of these responses. This finding was more consistent for HR than vasomotor response. In the discussion of these results, the authors were able to rule out several possible explanations, hence the reasons for this differential autonomic response are as yet unkn

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb03231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis electrode system for electrocardiography and impedance pneumography is an extension of the one used on Project Mercury, Detailed description is given of the manufacturing procedure for the silver‐silver chloride electrodes, for the preparation of a non‐irritating electrode paste and for the application of the electrodes. Tests were made on 21 subjects up to 90 hours. Only nine electrodes failed during the entire test during which subjects engaged in active sports, bathed, etc. Irritation of the skin was mini

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb03232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA detailed description is given of a dual modality tracking apparatus. Hand operation is sensed by a null in a 1000‐cps tone with right and left error indicated by the corresponding earphone. The foot control is sensed by mechanical vibrators on either side of the chest with a null point arrangement similar to the ear phones. Cycle duration is 48 seconds. Time off target is recorded by a clock. Both time and distance off target are integrated over 4‐second intervals for separate graphic recording. This tracking apparatus is well suited to studies in which physiological variables are recorded, since muscular movements of S are mini

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1964.tb03233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1964

数据来源: WILEY