摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study compared the efficacy of auditory and visual feedback in electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback assisted relaxation training of the frontalis muscle.Twenty‐eight subjects, divided into 4 groups matched on baseline frontalis EMG levels and trait anxiety, received 7 training sessions each under one of the following conditions: (1) auditory feedback‐eyes closed; (2) auditory feedback‐eyes open; (3) visual feedback; or (4) no feedback‐eyes closed. The group who received auditory feedback with the eyes closed manifested significant lowering of EMG over session compared to no significant reduction in EMG for the other three groups. EMG changes failed to correlate significantly with changes in self reports of subjective relaxation derived from pre‐to‐post session state anxiety test data. The possibility that the ineffectiveness of visual feedback in this study may be specific to the frontalis muscle was discussed and the need for further research in several areas w

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study in early 1971 deals with the effects of “set” (labeling of a picture) and Advanced Army ROTC membership on subjects' cognitive and physiological responses. A laboratory analog of the habituation process was suggested as a parallel to some of the attitudes toward the war in Viet Nam. Subjects were significantly more aroused by an auto accident scene than by the massacre and neutral slides (larger amplitude skin conductance changes). Across all series, there were significant trials effects (a decrease in amplitude of skin conductance changes), indicative of habituation. The set “Viet Cong massacre of civilians” produced higher self report ratings of agitation than the same slide with the caption “American …” There was cardiac deceleration to the Viet Cong label, but generally cardiac acceleration to the American label on the massacre presentations. ROTC cadets habituated more rapidly on the “agitated” ‐ “calm” ratings to repeated presentations of the massacre and to an auto accident scene tha

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe use of a tapping response as an indicant of interest or preference in studies of the physiological correlates of attitude and attitude change is discussed. The physiological effects of paced tapping, using rates that might be employed in attitudinal studies, were examined under conditions free of attitudinal import. Major findings were: (1) There is no significant difference in the effect on HR with rates up to 3/sec. (2) There is no significant difference in the effect on SCL with rates up to 7/sec. (3) When raw EMG scores are used as the basis of analysis no significant differences are found with rates up to 3/sec; however, when the square root transform of this variable is used, a significant effect is found for all rates used in at least one of the phases of the experiment. The results, taken as a whole, indicate the possibility of either controlling or mathematically compensating for the physiological effect of the tapping response, per se, in attitudinal studies.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effects of the range of stimulus‐variation upon the habitation and return of the skin resistance response (SRR) component of the orienting response (OR) were investigated in three experiments using human subjects. In Experiment I the habituation and return of the OR were studied in two groups with a wide (Group‐W) und a narrow (Group‐N) range of stimulus‐variation. Habituation in the two groups did not differ, but a differential level of return of the OR to a novel stimulus was observed. In Experiment II the difference in the range was made large and a group presented with a constant stimulus (Group‐C) was added. Again Group‐W and ‐N habituated in the same way as Group‐C. In Experiment III the upper end stimulus of each group was set at the same intensity. The differential return of the OR disappeared, and as before a differential habituation could not he detected between Groups‐W and ‐N. These findings were discussed in reference to Sokolov's neuro

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe combined effects of total sleep loss and the deprivation of stage 4 or stage REM were studied in I two separate experiments. Two full nights or sleep loss preceded stage 4 deprivation or stage REM deprivation in Experiment 1 (N=12); 1 full night of sleep loss followed 3 nights or stage 4 deprivation or stage REM deprivation in Experiment 2 (N=I4).Total sleep loss before sleep stage deprivation significantly increased the number of attempts to enter stage 4, but had little influence on stage REM. A significant REM rebound was found in only one of the REM‐deprived groups, but there was a significant stage 4 rebound in all groups on the first full recovery night, supporting the hypothesis from other studies that stage 4 has priority over REM in terms of recovery from sleep loss. The results suggested that stages 2, 3, and 4 partially overlap in their recuperative function

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe relationship between cardiac activity and sensory acuity suggested by Lacey and Lacey was tested by recording heart rates of Ss attempting to detect a threshold‐level visual stimulus. Heart rate decelerations during a warning tone preceding the threshold stimulus were found in be greater on hit trials than on miss trials, supporting the suggested relationshi

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe effects of self‐generated expectancy of stimulus content on the visual evoked potential to physically identical stimuli were studied in college students. The subject set up his own internal expectant; by choosing to see either a bright or dim Hash. When a bright or dim Hash was anticipated, the potentials evoked by u medium stimulus intensity resembled the responses elicited by an actual bright or dim flash, respectively. Significant differences in visual evoked potential amplitude were obtained between identical medium intensity stimuli depending on the stimulus intensity expected, despite (he constant physical properties of the stimulus. 1 In1 results suggest that a subject's expectancy of certain physical parameters of a stimulus are as important In determining (he resultant visual evoked potential as the actual physical features of the stimulu

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTo examine the influence of stimulus significance on the shin conductance response (SCR) a 21 sec. 1000‐Hz tone was sounded variously In one car or the other. A click occurred during many tones, and a light signal always followed offset by 9 sec. Four groups were studied: one was told In press a pedal immediately on hearing any click; another only on hearing the click during a tone in a specified ear: a third was also to respond only to the specified ear, but was to withhold the press until the light following tone‐offset; a fourth group simply listened without and response. Each of a series of predictions regarding the incremental effect of stimulus significance on the SCR was confirmed, at each point at which information was delivered on any trial ‐ i.e., tone‐onset, click, tone‐offset, light‐onset. This was true for both independent as well us for within‐.S (between ear) comparisons. The presence of verbally‐induced “significance” as well as the complex nature of its influence indicated the presence of central mediation in the elicitation of “peripheral” SCRs. Was identified which correlated uniquel with motor reaction time, did not habituate, and did not correlate with SCRs elicited by other signals in this task. The execute SCRs did not simply reflect judgments of “significance” rather, it was qualitatively distinguished from other SCRs which, in general, were associated with stimulus “significance” There was some evidence of an alerting SCR too, hu

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1975.tb01268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY