摘要:

ABSTRACTUsing a sample of 94 adult subjects, relationships between measures of intelligence and the rate of decrease in amplitude of the average evoked potential (AEP) were examined in some detail. It was found that the rate of AEP amplitude decrease from a condition of high extrinsic inducement to activation to a condition of low extrinsic inducement to activation was significantly correlated with fluid intelligence (r= .24) and its subprocesses, but not with crystallized intelligence. This finding was interpreted as indicating that the AEP shift measure and the fluid intelligence measures indicate a kind of adaptive flexibility (or plasticity) of intellectual functioning. The results suggested that this isnota flexibility capacity that decreases significantly with aging in adulthood.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00531.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPhysiological responses were recorded while 10 females who feared spiders (Group SP) and 10 females who did not (Group NP) viewed 24 neutral and 6 spider slides.Group NP responded to the spider stimuli with heart rate (HR) deceleration and cephalic vasodilation (increase in pulse amplitude), while Group SP responded with HR acceleration and cephalic vasoconstriction. Neither group gave appreciable or systematic cardiovascular responses to the neutral stimuli. Palmar and dorsal skin conductance (SC) responses to the spider stimuli were larger than those given to the neutral slides, and tended to be larger and more resistant to habituation in Group SP than in Group NP.When considered along with post‐experimental reports, the responses given by Group NP to the spider slides could be considered to be indicative of an orienting response (OR), while those given by Group SP were consistent with recent conceptions of the defensive response (DR).These response patterns, especially the latter one, were evident in both group data and in individual record

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00532.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA review of studies of the orienting response (OR) to variation in the properties of a stimulus following habituation indicates that not all humanSs respond with an OR to changes of which they are aware and that the only conditions which have been found consistently to elicit the OR are an increase in the intensity of the stimulus and change in the modality of its presentation. These findings pose problems for the theory of the OR advanced by Sokolov (1960) which makes no allowance for a failure to respond to a detectable change in stimulation and which relies for support on evidence that the OR is not elicited solely as a consequence of the activating effects of stimulation. To clarify some of these problems it is suggested that future work should investigate the effect of complete omission of the stimulus on the OR and the contribution of individual differences in physiological responsiveness and perceived significance of a change to elicitation of the OR.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTRapid eye movements (REMs), EEG alpha, and tonic heart rate (HR) were measured during 6 types of cognitive tasks—imagining a liked person, suppressing thoughts of the person, searching one's mind for alternative solutions, arithmetic involving little concentration, problems involving high concentration, and choosing a preferred activity. The latter 3 required verbalization, the former 3 did not. Only suppression and search did not differ significantly from each other on at least one physiological variable. Imagining, suppression, and search yielded few REMs, high alpha, and low HR. High concentration yielded many REMs, low alpha, and high HR. Choice yielded many REMs, low alpha, and intermediate HR. Low concentration yielded few REMs, low alpha, and high HR. Suppression produced somewhat less alpha than imagining but did not differ significantly in REM

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was twofold: at which conceptional age do the spontaneous skin potential responses (SPRs) appear in premature infants; are they related to the sleep cycle as they are in human adults. Twenty nine sleeping infants, conceptional age (CA) 24 to 41 weeks, were investigated with polygraphic recordings. SPRs first appeared at 28 weeks. Their number increased rapidly after 30 weeks CA. They appeared mostly simultaneously with slow wave EEG activity which in premature infants is the EEG pattern of active sleep. Unlike the spontaneous SPRs which in adults occur mainly in NREM sleep, they are in premature and full term newborns well correlated with active (or REM) sleep. The relationships between spontaneous SPRs and autonomic or phasic events of sleep are also studied.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTLiterature review suggested that certain properties of the REMs of wakefulness and REM sleep show changes with experience and/or maturation. A positive correlation was predicted to obtain between measures of REM sleep intensity and waking information search organization/activity in normal human adults. A correlational study of the REMs of sleep and wakefulness in 9 college‐ageSs corroborated the hypothesis. Percentage REM sleep did not correlate significantly with any of the waking REM measures. Implications of the results for current theories and future research on REM sleep–waking perception interrelationships were descri

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThirteen human subjects (Ss) were given immediate auditory feedback concerning their salivary rates and were asked both to increase and to decrease their rates during a series of 30‐sec trials. Significant decreases, but not increases, in salivary rate were obtained relative to baseline. During the second half of the experiment, when feedback was omitted until the end of each trial,Ss maintained significant differential response rates between increase and decrease trials, but the reliability of decreases from expected baseline was reduced. Thirteen controlSs, who received feedback only at the end of each trial during both halves of the experiment, were unable to alter their rates during either half. Salivation on increase and decrease trials was not systematically correlated with changes in either heart rate or breathing rate in the immediate feedback grou

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00537.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis experiment concerns itself with the extent to which psychological factors can influence normal sleep patterns. After 4 baseline nights of uninterrupted sleep, each of 4Ss was awakened in the course of 2 nights during every REM period about 10 min following each REM onset.Ss, however, werenotREM deprived. The interruption nights were followed by a recovery night of uninterrupted sleep. All nights were consecutive. The results show that during recovery nights allSs continued to have significantly shorter than normal REM periods by going into NREM sleep at about the time they would have been awakened during the interruption nights. These shortened REM periods occurred even during early morning hours, when REM periods normally become longer. Arguments are advanced that this finding may best be explained in terms of a conditioned avoidance response.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00538.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGeneral multivariate statistical theory and three statistical models (multi‐variate analysis of variance, canonical correlation analysis, and factor analysis) are described. Numerical examples, mathematical notes, an annotated bibliography, and references to computer programs are presented. Multivariate procedures are described as generalizations from univariate statistical theory where possible. The advantages to psychophysiologists of determining the organization of a complicated physiological response system through multivariate statistical procedures are discusse

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00539.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00540.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY