ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn 1972, psychophysiological data were collected on 1800 3‐yr‐old children with the aim of selecting a subsample of whom some would have characteristics suggesting that they might later break down with schizophrenia and hence be at high‐risk. This approach contrasts with that usually adopted in high‐risk studies where a familial risk definition is employed. The paper examines the extent to which the necessarily crude initial selection procedure appears to have worked in terms of later more extensive analysis and the reliability of the procedures used over an 18 month period. Analogues between the technique used and those employed in psychometric analyses are su

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is two‐fold. The first is to introduce a method of analyzing single trials of beat‐to‐beat heart rate in adult subjects, by which significant changes in heart rate following a stimulus may be detected. The second is to demonstrate the economy of this form of analysis by presenting it in the context of a small‐scale experiment. The experiment examined heart rate orienting responses to a standard auditory signal, comparing the effects of high and low continuous background noise. The higher background noise level was found to enhance the accelerative component of the heart rate response to auditory

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between lateralization of body image and right versus left vasomotor activity. Fifteen right‐handed female patients suffering from idiopathic Raynaud's disease demonstrated a relationship between the extent of right lateralization of body image and bilateral digital skin temperature during a controlled temperature stress test. In addition, subjects showing a reliable right side awareness demonstrated more unilateral vasospastic attacks in their right hand than their left hand white subjects showing no clear right lateralization by body image reported more left hand attacks than right hand attacks. These results were taken as consistent with previous work on the relationship between skin conductance and lateralization of body imag

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of stimulus novelty, amount of overextinction exposure, and overextinction response frequency on phasic electrodermal test and dishabituation response amplitudes. Each subject underwent auditory habituation to a criterion and was then exposed to one of three overhabituation conditions: 0, 15, or 30 trials. The last trial of overhabituation was followed by either a dissimilar auditory stimulus or a visual stimulus, which was in turn followed by a repetition of the standard stimulus. Results showed that the intermodal test stimulus produced larger phasic test and dishabituation responses than the intramodal stimulus. The discrepancy in amplitude between the dishabituation response to the auditory stimulus and that to the visual stimulus was reduced by greater overextinction exposure. Results did not provide clearcut support for either the expectancy hypothesis of Sokolov (1963) or the generalization hypothesis of Thompson and Spencer (1966). Additional findings showed that high frequency overextinction responders gave test responses of greater amplitude than low frequency responders.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA psychophysiological investigation was conducted to assess the relationships among heart rate, affect‐laden thought processes, and attitudes. Twenty subjects were trained for five days to raise and lower heart rate by means of a discriminative operant conditioning procedure. On the fifth day, communications that advocated positions with which undergraduates disagreed were presented during a raised, lowered, and basal (unaltered) heart rate trial. Results revealed that the heart rate conditioning procedure produced specific changes in heart rate, and affected the counterarguing (critical processing) to and acceptance of the persuasive communications; counterarguing and resistance to persuasion were greater during raised heart rate trials than during lowered heart rate trials. These findings are consistent with and suggest an extension of the Laceys' hypothesis concerning cardiac activity and cognitive elaboration, and provide evidence of the influence of affect‐laden thought processes on evaluative reacti

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTGraham (1975) demonstrated that a weak prestimulus could effectively inhibit or facilitate the eyeblink component of the startle reflex in humans, depending on the temporal duration of the prestimulus. This study had three goals: 1) to replicate the findings of Graham, 2) to establish the reliability of this phenomenon by a test‐retest comparison, and 3) to compare the eyeblink reflex response of normal subjects with schizophrenic subjects. Seven prestimulus durations of continuous tone (from 0 to 2000 msec) were presented to 20 normal subjects and the results confirmed that maximal inhibition of eyeblink amplitude occurred in the 120 msec prestimulus condition. Increased amplitude occurred nonsignificantly when the prestimulus lasted for 2000 msec. On retest, 14 normal subjects showed a significant degree of reliability. When 20 normal subjects were compared to 12 schizophrenic subjects, significant differences in eyeblink response were found for blink amplitude and latency in the 60 msec prestimulus condition. This change is consistent with information processing “overload” theories of sensory overstimulation in schizophrenia. The blink reflex is a rather stable phenomenon and is probably altered in schizophrenia and/or by antipsychotic medic

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1978.tb01390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY