摘要:

The aim of this paper is to review data from my laboratory, which were collected in an attempt to determine whether the facial EMG response is a general component of the emotional reaction.In a number of studies it was found that facial reactions: first, are spontaneously elicited and differ according to the kind of emotional stimuli to which sunjects are exposed; second, are sensitive to learning; third, are consistent with how the subject perceive the stimuli and their own specific emotions; fourth, are congruent with autonomic responses; fifth, are more pronoanced for females than for males; and finally, differ among subjects with specific fears.These data converge to indicate that facial muscle activity is a general component of the emotional reaction and demonstrate that the facial EMG technique is a sensitve too for measuring emotional ractions.

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01962.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01963.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTEvidence of peripheral filtering of auditory information at the cochlear and brainstem levels was sought using brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) recorded during auditory and visual tasks. It can be argued that the discrimination tasks used in the past to investigate peripheral filtering of sensory information in humans involve two levels of discrimination, the consequences of which result in two independent types of inhibition: crossmodal inhibition as a result of between‐modality discrimination, and intramodal inhibition as a result of within‐modality discrimination. Therefore, the observed effects on the BAEPs may reflect the extent to which these two types of inhibition are engaged. In this investigation a paradigm that included two non‐discrimination (passive) tasks and two discrimination (active) tasks was employed. BAEPs recorded during listening (a passive auditory task) provided a baseline measure, against which comparisons of BAEPs recorded during auditory and visual discrimination could be made for independent evidence of crossmodal and intramodal inhibition.The data in this study did not support the presence of two types of inhibition proposed above, or show evidence of peripheral filtering of auditory information at the cochlear and brainstem levels. However, the sensitivity of BAEPs to efferent system activation at the cochlea and hence their value as a tool in investigations of peripheral filtering in humans was quest

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01964.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01965.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAlternative interpretations of startle probe modulation by a pictorial foreground were tested: Either reflex amplitude varies as a function of modality‐determined attention allocation, or, regardless of probe modality, reflex amplitude varies with the emotional valence of the foreground content. Thirty‐six subjects viewed a series of 54 slides, divided into two 27‐slide blocks. Each block consisted of nine exemplars of three independently rated emotional content categories—pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant. Startle probes, half visual (flashgun) and half acoustic (white noise), were presented unpredictably during and between slide presentations. Eyeblink reflexes, corrugator and orbicularis oculi muscle tension, heart rate, and skin conductance were recorded during a 6‐s slide interval. Subjects subsequently rated the slides for emotional valence and arousal, and interest value. Free‐viewing times were also recorded. Analysis of reflex response and all ancillary measures supported the hypothesis that the primary determinant of startle modulation was the emotional valence of foregro

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01966.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01967.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken to determine whether the asymmetrical activation of the two cerebral hemispheres affects the accuracy of heartbeat perception. Hemispheric preference—the tendency to activate one hemisphere rather than the other—was assessed by the directionality of conjugate lateral eye movements. Actual differential hemispheric activation was achieved by contralateral visual fixation. The results of 44 right‐handed male subjects showed that right hemisphere preferent subjects (“left‐movers”) performed better on a heartbeat discrimination task than left hemisphere preferent subjects (“right‐movers”). The direction of lateral visual fixation also influenced heartbeat discrimination: subjects fixating to the left were more accurate than those fixa

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01968.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01969.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study compared the asymmetry of different features of brain electrical activity during the performance of a verbal task (word finding) and a spatial task (dot localization) that had been carefully matched on psychometric properties and accompanying motor activity. Nineteen right‐handed subjects were tested. EEG was recorded from F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, and P4, referred to both Czand computer‐derived averaged‐ears references, and Fourier transformed. Power in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands was computed. There were significant Task X Hemisphere effects in all bands for Cz‐referenced data and for the alpha and beta bands for ears‐referenced data. The effects were always either greater power suppression in the hemisphere putatively most engaged in task processing or greater power in the opposite hemisphere. Correlations between EEG and task performance indicated that Cz‐referenced parietal alpha asymmetry accounted for the most variance in verbal task performance. Power within individual hemispheres or across hemispheres was unrelated to task performance. The findings indicate robust differences in asymmetrical brain physiology that are produced by well‐matched verbal and spatial co

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0048-5772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY